3、初高中英语衔接教材编写

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初高中衔接教学•英语1第一章语音基本知识英语国际音标入门(内部资料)英语音素分类表元音单元音长元音短元音双元音辅音清辅音浊辅音初高中衔接教学•英语2第三章重要词性了解一、名词名词分类普通名词个体名词表示人或物的个体,如:teacher,pen,hand集体名词表示个体组成的集合体,如:family,team,police物质名词表示无法分为个体的固体、液体、气体等实物,如:ice,water,gas抽象名词表示抽象概念的,如性质、状态、情感等的名词,如:sadness,happiness,work专有名词人名、地名、机构、事物、组织、概念、节日等。名词复数构成规律规则变化①一般直接在名词后加-s②以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词后加-es③以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,把-f/-fe改为-v,再加-es④以-0结尾的名词的复数多数加-es⑤以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要把y改为i,再加-es不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母②单复数形式相同,如:sheep,deer,fish,means③表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而各异a.单复数形式相同(多以ese结尾),如:Chinese,,Swissb.词尾加-s(多以-an结尾),如:Americans,Koreans,Indiansc.将man变成men,将woman变成women,如:Englishman-Englishmen④其他形式,如:mouse—mice,child-children名词所有格加-’s/-s’①名词单数形式,用-’s,表示,如:thegirl’sbooks②复数形式,用s’表示,如Teachers’books注:所有格后所接名词表示地点时候,地点名词可省略。如:thedoctor’s③复合名词在最后的名词后加’s,如brother-in-law’sbooks④表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市,地点无生命的名词也可用’s形式来表示其所有关系,如:threedayswalk借助介词of无生命的物体的名词所有格常用of表示。如:thecoverofthebook双重所有格由’s所有格和of所有格组合修饰名词,如:anoldfriendofTom’s初高中衔接教学•英语3二、代词种类人称人称代词物主代词反身代词第一人称I,we,me,usmy,our,mine,oursmyself,ourselves第二人称youyour,yoursyourself,yourselves第三人称we,he,she,ithis,her,its,hers,theirshimself,herself,itself,themselves指示代词this,that,these,those,such,thesame不定代词all,both,neither,none,either,each,many,few,little,another,much,one,ones,some,any以及no-/some-/any-/every-+body/one/thing疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which相互代词each,other,one,another,eachother’s,oneanother’sExercises:1.Hereisthethathisyoungerbrotherlovesbest.A.coffeecupB.coffee’scupC.cupofcoffeeD.coffeeofcup2.Mr.Tonyalwayshastotellhisstudentsatthebeginningofhislectures.A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgoodnewsC.somegoodpieceofnewsD.somepieceofgoodnews3.Asabusinessman,Mr.LigainedhisbysellingfamousofEnglishandAmericanwriters.A.wealth;workB.wealth;worksC.wealths;worksD.wealths;work4.Heisakind-heartedman.Peoplecangetonwellwithhim.A.FewB.AlittleC.QuiteafewD.Little5.Thepostofficeisn’tfarfromhere.It’sonlybicycleride.A.halfanhours’B.anhourandahalfC.halfanhourD.halfanhour’s6.ThepopulationofShanghaiverybigandmostofitspopulationnativepeople.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are7.—Wouldyouliketohave,Tom?—No,thanks,lhavehadenough.A.anymoreorangeandapplesB.somemoreorangesandapplesC.anymoreorangesandapplesD.somemoreorangesandapple8.—Whichdoyouprefertodrink,orcoffee?—,please.A.teas;TwoteaB.tea;TwoteaC.tea;TwoteasD.teas;Twoteas9.ltwasreallytogetapresentfromhimonherbirthdaypartythatshecouldn’tbelieveit,lookingathimin.A.suchbigsurprise;asurpriseB.suchabigsurprise;surprise初高中衔接教学•英语4C.sobigsurprise;asurpriseD.suchbigsurprise;surprise10.Thesearebikes.Thetwinbrotherslikethemverymuch.A.Jack’sandJerry’sB.Jack’sandJerryC.Jack’sandJerryB.JackandJerry’s11.—Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?—.You’dbettercometofetchanotherbottle.A.AlittleB.NothingC.NooneD.None12.Billworksharderthaninhisclass.Heisthemostexcellentstudentlhavemet.A.theotherboysB.otherboysC.anyboyD.anotherboy三、形容词一、成分成分例句定语OneofthemostcommonlanguagesusedforcreatingwebpagesiscalledHTML.Whoisthegreatestwomanwriteraliveintheworld?表语Aftergettingherhaircut,shelookedevenmorebeautiful宾语补足语Withthewindowopen,manythingsintheshopwerestolenatnight.状语Thebirdfellontotheground,dead.二、比较级此外,初中还安排了形容词比较级、最高级的语法点学习。其变化规则如下表:规则原级比较级最高级单音节形容词在词尾加-er;-esthighfewhigherfewerhighestfewest以字母e结尾的形容词在词尾加-r;-stlargewidelargerwiderlargestwidest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词,末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾,应先双写该辅音字母,然后加-er;-estthinbighotthinnerbiggerhotterthinnestbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,须先将y变成i,然后加-er;-esthappyfunnyhappierfunnierhappiestfunniest多音节形容词前加more变比较级;加themost变最高级beautifulinterestingmorebeautifulmoreinterestingthemostbeautifulthemostinteresting初高中衔接教学•英语5部分不规则的形容词变化如下表:原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、具体用法1、只能修饰形容词原级的词very,quite,so,too.例如:Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了以至不能再继续走了。MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.我弟弟跑得那么快以至我跟不上他。2、含有as…as(与…一样)的原级表达句式。例如:TomisasoldasKate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。TomistwiceasoldasKate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。TomrunsasfastasMike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。【注意】1、否定形式notas…as也可以用成notso…as“不如……不及……。”例如:Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那样慢。Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这个房间不如那个大。2、可以修饰比较级的词much,alot,agreatdeal,far,byfar(……得多),alittle,abit(……一点儿),even(甚至),still(仍然),any(用于否定、疑问句中)。例如:LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.这辆火车比那辆跑得快。Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。【典型例题】1、Theexperimentwaseasierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案C。much可修饰比较级,easier本身已是比较级,不能再用more.2、最高级表示三者及三者以上事物间的比较,常与of…,in…连用。例如:TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.长江是中国最长的河流。→TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.长江比中国其他任何一条河都长。Ofalltheplanets,theMercuryisthenearesttothesun.在所有的行星中,水星离太阳最近。3、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。例如:Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他长得越来越高了.Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。4、“the+比较级…the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。例如:Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。【典型例题】childrenthereareinafamily,theirlifewillbe.A.Theless,thebetterB.Thefewer,thebetterC.Fewer,richerD.More,poorer初高中衔接教学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