咖啡发展史英文介绍Coffee精讲

CoffeeOriginsofCoffeeCoffeedrinkingfirstbecamepopularinYemeninthe15thcenturyCoffeederivesitsnamefromArabicQahwahistheArabicwordforcoffeeandTurkishinfluenceresultedinpronunciationasqahvehItalianorigin?CaffebutisderivedfromTurkish,whichderivesfromArabicQahwahisthenamegiventocoffeeinArabicbutmeans‘wine’YemeniteSufiCirclesCoffeefirstbecamepopularinYemeniteSuficircleswhobegantorefertocoffeeaswinebecauselikewineitalsodullstheappetiteandthereforewascalledqahwahCoffeebecamethereplacementforwineandSufi’stransferredthemeaning“wine”to“coffee”andintroduceditfurtherintoCairoCoffeewasspreadtoTurkeythroughtheSufi’swhousedthecoffeetohelpkeepthemstayawakeduringdevotionalexercisesperformedallnightCoffee’sTrueOriginCoffeeisnotanativeplanttoArabiaItisanativeplantofAbyssinia(Ethiopia)andcanbefoundgrowingwildandcultivatedFromEthiopiaitwasbroughttoArabiaandavarietyoflegendsexisttohowcoffeewasdiscoveredCoffeeLegendsAround800A.D.coffeewassaidtobediscoveredbyanEthiopiangoatherdwhosenamewasKaldiKaldinoticedhisgoatshadmoreenergyandweredancingfromshrubtoshrubeatingthecherry-redberriesthatcontainedthecoffeebeanHetriedthebeanshimselfandsoonfoundhimselffrolickingwithhisflockTheCoffeePlantIsawoodyperennialevergreen,thatbelongstheRubiaceaefamily,therearetwomainspeciescultivatedtodayCoffeearabica-accountsfor70-80%oftheworld’sproductionCoffeecanephora-knownasRobustacoffeeandismoreresilientthanArabicashrubs,butdoesnotproducethesametastethatisconsideredinferiortothatofArabicaCoffeebeandevelopment-videoWhereisCoffeeGrown?ThetoptencoffeeproducersarehighlightedinyellowBrazilmakesupathirdofthisproductionandisbyfarthelargestproducerinthecoffeeproducingmarketTheBeanBelt-boundedbytheTropicsofCancerandCapricorn,coffeeisgrownwithintheTropicsHowdidcoffeegettoalltheselocations?TheSpreadofCoffeeCoffeebegantoleaveAfricaviatwotraderoutes,onelocatedatMasawa,acityinEthiopialocatedontheRedSeaanddowntheBlueNiletoKhartoumCoffeeisnotsaidtohavespreadoutsideofAfricaandArabiauntilthe1600sandArabiawasknowntomakeexportbeansinfertilebyboilingthemCoffeeinEuropeTherearemanylegendstohowcoffeespreadintoEuropeArrivedstrappedtothebellyofanIndiansmugglerwholeftMeccawiththeseedsandinitiatedagriculturalexpansionofthecoffeebeanintoEuropeForaboutahalfacenturyArabiasuppliedEuropewithallcoffeeconsumedandwasconsideredaluxuryitembyBritisheliteCoffeewassuppliedtotheEuropeansbytheoldDutchEastIndiaCompanythattradedwiththeArabianportsontheRedSeaExpansionofCoffeeintoEuropeanColoniesIn1690,theexpansionwouldsoonreachEuropeancoloniesandtheDutchintroducedthefirstEuropeanownedcoffeeestatesoncolonialJavaFromJavaitmadeitswaytoSumatraandthePhilippinesCultivationofcoffeewasasuccessinthesenewareasbecauseunlikewineandtea,coffeecanberaisedwithlittledifficultyandrequiredlittlehelpfromtheEuropeansCoffeewasalsogrowninDutchgardensinAmsterdam,theseplantslaunchedtheintroductionofcoffeeintotheDutchcolonyofSurinamCoffeewasthenintroducedintoJamaicabytheBritishandMartiniquebytheFrenchCoffeethenspreadtotherestofLatinAmericaShiftincoffeeideologyShiftinCoffeeIdeologyDuringearlycultivationcoffeewasrestrictedtoremotepartsofYemenandwasstillconsideredasaresourceformerchantswhocouldprofitandgovernmentswhoprofitedthroughtaxesSocialandpoliticalconsequenceswerefewandconsistedof:CoffeeinIslam?ConcernswithcoffeehousesascentersforconspiracyanddeceptionShiftHowever,thischangedwiththeintroductionofcoffeeintoEuropeancoloniesandcontrolofproductionbycommercialcapitalThecolonistscoercedthepeoplesofthecoloniesintoproducingcoffeeorusedAfricanslavelaborLatinAmericaProducesmorethantwiceasmuchcoffeeastherestoftheworldcombinedBefore,thistimeArabiaproducedalloftheworld’scoffeeandtodayonlyyieldsaboutonehundredandsixtiethpercentofthisproduction,butyetproducesmorethaniteverhadCoffeeCenturyThehistoryofcoffeeinLatinAmericabeginsinthelate18thcenturywhenthefirstcoffeetreeswereintroducedThiswasfollowedbythecoffeecenturyinLatinAmericaandenteredintoacoffeeperiodthatwasaccompaniedbyadramaticincreaseintheworldtradeofcoffeeTheconsumptionofcoffeeintheU.S.increasedfrom3lbsin1830to10lbsin1900,and16lbsin1960WiththisExpansionwesee:1.Territorialexpansion2.Movementofsettlers3.Expandingworldmarket-strivetoincreaseproductionandprofit4.ThecreationofclassconflictsandthecreationofthecoffeeeliteTheCoffeeEliteThecoffeeeliteformedinthemidstofthe19thcenturycoffeedynastiesandwasbuiltattheexpenseofmuchoftherestofthepopulationResemblesthoseofthecolonialaristocraciesFocusedinCentralAmericainthecountriesofElSalvador,CostaRica,andNicaraguaCoffeeElite…ThecoffeeelitewasmadeupofaristocraticfamiliesofpuredecentandnewEuropeanimmigrantsAroundtwoorthreefamiliescontroltheentirecoffeeindustryHowdothesefamiliesremaininpower?1.Lawlessmilitaryregimesthatmakefamilytiestheonlysafewaytogainpoliticalpower2.Absenceofmasspartiesandeffectiveparliamentaryinstitutions3.Limiteddevelopmentofhighereducation,professionaleducationcouldonlybeacquiredabroadTransnationalCorporationsMarketiscontrolledby4coffeecompaniesKraftfoods,Nestle,ProctorandG