伦敦奥运会英文版

•SincetheGreeks(especiallytheAtheniansandSpartans)attachedimportancetothemilitarytraining,actualizedthephysicaleducationandadvocatedthespiritofvalorandtenacity,thusinthewaroffightingagainstthePersiansin5thcenturyBC,theGreeksweresovaliantthattheydefeatedthePersiansandwonthegreatvictoryinthebattle.Afterthewar,thesportswerepopularizedinGreeceinanunparalleledscope,whichbroughttheOlympicGamestoitsgoldenageinhistory.Duringthistime,themagnificenttempleofZeusandtheaccessorialOlympicGuestsHouse(奥林匹亚迎宾殿)wereconstructed.ThatwasthemostsplendidmemorialthatsawthestatesofGreekdebatePersians.Fromthenon,theOlympicGamesbecamemoreinfluentialandlarger-scale.2.ThetriumphoftheGreece-PersiawarnotonlymadetheGreek-statesbeatbackthePersianarmy’soffensiveintowestward,securingtheindependenceofthecountry,butalsolaidthefoundationforopeningupofthesea-lanetotheBlackSea,establishingitssupremacyintheeasternMediterranean.Atthesametime,thevictoryhadpromotedtheprosperityoftheslaveryeconomyandcultureinGreeceinthesecondhalfof5thcenturyBC.Justthen,withtheconstantdevelopmentofpolitics,military,economyandcultureintheslaverycity-states,alargenumberofslavesweremorewidelyusedinallkindofproducingdepartmentsinsociety.Theyproducedceramics,metalwares,textilefabrics,oliveoil,wine,agriculturalprocessed-goods,mineralproducts,andsoon,whichwereincessantlysoldtothedistantareasintheMediterraneanandtheBlackSeabythearistocraticslaveholders.Simultaneously,theslaveholdersalsocarriedbackthefoodsupplies,livestock,industrialrawmaterialsandnumerousslaves.Alltheseresultedintherapidlyflourishingofthehandicraftindustry,businessandexternaltradeinmanycity-statesofGreece.Obviously,theeconomicprosperityoftheGreeksocietywasbasedonthegreatfortunemadebymassiveslaves.WithouttheslaverysysteminGreece,theSilverAgeoftheOlympicGameswouldnothavecome.3.However,theslaverysocietywasfoundedonthebaseofagreatdealofoppressedslaves’exploitationthrownbytheslaveholders.TheslavesmadeenormousfortuneforthesocietyaswellasthevariouswealthfortheGreekcity-states.Meanwhile,theannexingwasappearing,especiallythecrueloppressionandexploitationoftheslave-ownerclasshadtakenstirreduptheslaves’continuousresistance.Manyofthemeitherwentintoexileorheldarmeduprising,whichgaveaheavyhittotheslaverysocietyofGreeceandmadeitfallfromflourishingsummittodeclineinchbyinch.DuringthePeloponnesianWar,thewholeGreecehadsufferedabiggerloss.LargenumbersofslavesescapedbothfromSpartaandAthens.Onlyintheyearof413BC,thereweremorethan20,000slavesholdingthemassbreakoutfromthecity-stateofAthens,mostofwhowereskillfulcraftsmen,whichhittheslaveryeconomyofAthensheavily.inGreece.4.Justasthehistorian,Thucydidesdescribed:“Thewar--thePeloponnesianWarhaslastedalongtime,andduringthewartime,Athenssufferedunprecedentedly.Actually,thereneverhavesomanycitiesbeenoccupiedanddestroyed…sohavethedrivenandkilledpeopleresultingfromthewaritselforthecivilstrife…Besides,theearthquakeexpandedinawideareainstantaneously,sodidthedroughtaswellasthefaminecausingbydrought.Atlast,thewidespreaddiseasescausedthebiggestcalamity,andalotofpeoplediedofit.Allthesecameupwiththewar.”Afterthewar,theslavesofthedifferentcity-statesroseupcontinuously,andtheyalwaysunitedtheurbanpaupersfightinginanextremelylargescale.5.Allthesedrasticallyexhaustedthenationalpowerofeachcity-state.Besides,thefloodingofdiseasesanddisastersaccompaniedwiththewarcrippledtheoldGreececompletelyandthesocietybegantorunfromtheprosperitytothewane.WhiletheslaverysocietywentdownhillinGreece,theOlympicGamesalsofolloweditfromaflourishingagetoadecliningperiod.6.ItwastheOlympicGamesthatfirstlyadvocatedtheHolyTruce,whichexpressedtheyearningforpeaceoftheancientGreeksandmadeitpossiblefortheOlympicGamesgoingonwheelsanddevelopingcontinually.However,thewarcouldnotbepreventedandvanishedjustbytheHolyTruce.Onthecontrary,itwastheevilwarthatbroughttheOlympicGamestothecrowningcalamity.AftertheGreece-Persiawar,thePeloponnesianWarinthe5thcenturyBCmadetheslaverysystembegintodeclineinGreece.Atthesametime,itbecametheturningpointoftheOlympicGamesfromrisetodecline.7.WhydidtheOlympicGamesrunfromrisetodeclinegradually?Apartfromthereasonsmentionedabove,somanymaladiesithadweretheinternalcausethatspeededupthedeclineoftheOlympicGames.ThesemaladiescorrodedthemusclesanderodedthesouloftheOlympicGamesfromeverysideandbyanyways.Fromthe6thcenturyBC,evenintheGoldenAgeoftheOlympicGames,someunhealthyelementshadappeared,amongwhichtheappearanceoftheprofessionalathletesandtheprofessionalizedcompetitions,whichwentbadtoworseinthefollowingyears.Finally,itresultedinthecorruptionbeingrevealedcontinuouslyinsomecompetitionsoftheOlympicGames.Thus,itwenttoofartobeback.8.AttheverybeginningofthefoundationanddevelopmentoftheOlympicGames,theathletesjoininginmustbetrainedstrictly.Oncewinninginthecompetition,theywouldgainallkindsofgloriesafterthat.Atfirst,thekings,slaveholdersandaristocratsoftenparticipatedinsomecompetitions.Relatively,theslaveholdersandaristocratsusuallypaidspecialattentiontothestrictandhardtrainingandsparednoeffortinthegames.Butthefollowinggameswereimpr