各种各样的PPT分析图形之3：boper

BalanceofpaymentsandexchangeratesThebalanceofpaymentsaccount(exampleofUKbalanceofpayments)BalanceofpaymentsandexchangeratesUKbalanceofpayments:1996(£millions)CURRENTACCOUNT1.Tradeingoodsa)Exportsb)ImportsBalanceontradeingoods+16634017893812598UKbalanceofpayments:1996(£millions)CURRENTACCOUNT1.Tradeingoodsa)Exportsb)ImportsBalanceontradeingoods2.Tradeinservicesa)Exportsb)ImportsBalanceontradeinservicesBalanceontradeingoodsandservices+16634017893812598+5080743665+71425456UKbalanceofpayments:1996(£millions)CURRENTACCOUNT1.Tradeingoodsa)Exportsb)ImportsBalanceontradeingoods2.Tradeinservicesa)Exportsb)ImportsBalanceontradeinservicesBalanceontradeingoodsandservices3.OtherincomeflowsInvestmentincomebalanceTransfersbalanceCurrentaccountbalance+16634017893812598+5080743665+71425456+96524631435UKbalanceofpayments:1996(£millions)CAPITALACCOUNT(TransactionsinUKexternalassetsandliabilities)4.Long-termcapitaltransactionsa)NetinvestmentinUKfromabroadb)NetUKinvestmentabroadLong-termcapitalbalance+484598925140792UKbalanceofpayments:1996(£millions)CAPITALACCOUNT(TransactionsinUKexternalassetsandliabilities)4.Long-termcapitaltransactionsa)NetinvestmentinUKfromabroadb)NetUKinvestmentabroadLong-termcapitalbalance5.Short-termcapitalflowsa)NetdepositsinUKfromabroadandborrowingfromabroadbyUKresidentsb)NetdepositsabroadbyUKresidentsandUKlendingtooverseasresidentsShort-termcapitalbalance+4845989251+16863613055140792+38085UKbalanceofpayments:1996(£millions)CAPITALACCOUNT(TransactionsinUKexternalassetsandliabilities)4.Long-termcapitaltransactionsa)NetinvestmentinUKfromabroadb)NetUKinvestmentabroadLong-termcapitalbalance5.Short-termcapitalflowsa)NetdepositsinUKfromabroadandborrowingfromabroadbyUKresidentsb)NetdepositsabroadbyUKresidentsandUKlendingtooverseasresidentsShort-termcapitalbalance6.Reserves(drawingon+addingto)Nettransactionsinexternalassetsandliabilities(capitalaccountbalance)+4845989251+16863613055140792+38085+5092198UKbalanceofpayments:1996(£millions)TOTALCURRENT+CAPITALACCOUNTSTotalcurrentaccountTotalcapitalaccountTotalcurrent+capitalaccounts7.BalancingitemOverallbalanceofpayments43521982633+26330UKbalanceofpaymentsoncurrentaccount(quarterlyfigures)-7.0-6.0-5.0-4.0-3.0-2.0-1.00.01.02.01985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997?billions(quarterly)ExchangeratesBalanceofpaymentsandexchangeratesSterlingexchangerates:1980-96USdollarFrenchfrancJapaneseyenGermanmarkItalianliraSterlingexchangerateindex(1990=100)19802.339.835264.231992124.419812.0310.944454.562287127.919821.7511.484354.242364123.219831.5211.553603.872302115.619841.3411.633073.792339111.419851.3011.552473.782453111.319861.4710.162373.182186101.419871.649.842282.94212399.319881.7810.602263.122315105.419891.6410.452573.082247102.319901.799.692572.882133100.019911.779.952382.932187100.81992Q11.779.752282.87215599.4Q21.819.832352.922198101.2Q31.909.452382.79215499.4Q41.588.301942.45214587.719931.508.511672.48236088.919941.538.491562.48246789.219951.587.871482.26257184.819961.567.991702.35240886.31997Q11.639.111972.70266696.9Q21.649.451962.80276599.6Q31.639.891922.942863102.5Determinationoftherateofexchange$priceof£DbyUSAQof£1.001.201.401.601.802.002.200Determinationoftherateofexchange$priceof£SbyUKDbyUSAQof£1.001.201.401.601.802.002.200Determinationoftherateofexchange$priceof£SbyUKDbyUSAQof£1.001.201.401.601.802.002.200Determinationoftherateofexchange$priceof£SbyUKDbyUSAQof£1.001.201.401.601.802.002.200baDeterminationoftherateofexchange$priceof£SbyUKDbyUSAQof£1.001.201.401.601.802.002.200cdChangesintheexchangerateBalanceofpaymentsandexchangerates1.752.002.252.502.753.000Floatingexchangerates:movementtoanewequilibriumDM/£S1D1Qof£1.752.002.252.502.753.000Floatingexchangerates:movementtoanewequilibriumDM/£Qof£S1D11.752.002.252.502.753.000Floatingexchangerates:movementtoanewequilibriumDM/£Qof£S1D1S2D21.752.002.252.502.753.000Floatingexchangerates:movementtoanewequilibriumDM/£Qof£S1D1S2D2DepreciationUnstableexchangeratesBalanceofpaymentsandexchangeratesSupplyofpoundsandtheelasticityofdemandforimportsOExchangerateQuantityof£sSElasticdemandforimportsSupplyofpoundsandtheelasticityofdemandforimportsOExchangerateQuantityof£sSInelasticdemandforimportsUnstableequilibriumOExchangerateQuantityof£sSDrUnstableequilibriumOExchangerateQuantityof£sSDrSpeculationagainstexchange-ratemovementsBalanceofpaymentsandexchangeratesStabilisingspeculationOExchangerateQuantityof£sS1D1er1StabilisingspeculationOExchangerateQuantityof£ser2S2D2S1D1er1StabilisingspeculationOExchangerateQuantityof£sS3D3er3er2S2D2S1D1er1DestabilisingspeculationOExchangerateQuantityof£sS1D1er1DestabilisingspeculationOExchangerateQuantityof£sS2D2er2S1D1er1DestabilisingspeculationOExchangerateQuantityof£sS2D2er2er3S3D3S1D1er1MovementsinthesterlingexchangeratesovertimeBalanceofpaymentsandexchangerates$1.00$1.20$1.40$1.60$1.80$2.00$2.20$2.4019761978198019821984198619881990199219941996708090100110120130140150$/£exchangerate:1976-97$/£Index1990=100$1.00$1.20$1.40$1.60$1.80$2.00$2.20$2.40197619781