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1.Sheistomaketheworldadmireher.2.Sheisfamousforherstrong,decisivestyleandrefusingtobecowedorsubmit.3.InBritishhistory,maybenoonecreatesmorefirstthanher.4.SheisthefirstfemaleprimeministerinBritishhistoryaswellasEuropeanhistory.•ChineseName:玛格丽特.希尔达.撒切尔•Name:MargaretHildaThatcher•Alias:IronLady•Nationality:British•Birthplace:England,Grantham•Birthdate:October13,1925•UniversityoneisgraduatedfromUniversityofOxfordwithaBachelorofscience,masterofArts:•Husband:DennisThatcherBaron•Briefintroduction•Politicalcareer•Falklandwar•WithChinaHongKong•Familylife•Comments•Herquotes★theyoungestoftwodaughters★thedaughterofagrocer★Greathope★Knowmorethanothers★educatedatKestevenandGranthamGirls’School•earnadegreeinchemistryattheUniversityofOxford’sSomerville(萨默维尔)College•presidentofthestudentConservativeAssociation•aresearchchemist•becameataxlawyer•1959:theHouseofCommons•1970to1974:ministerofeducationandscience•1975thefirstwomanleaderofConservativeParty•1979:thefirstwomaninBritaintobecomeprimeminister★attendedasummitmeetingoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunitywheresheattemptedtorenegotiateBritain'scontributiontotheEECbudget.•continuedthemonetaristpolicies:Inflationwasreducedbutunemploymentdoubled•1982:ShevisitedChinatosolveHongKongproblem1982:leadingBritaintovictoryoverArgentinainthebriefmilitarydisputeoverthesovereignty主权oftheFalklandIslands•1983:GeneralElectionwonagainwithamajorityof144.•1987:GeneralElectionreturnedtopowerforathirdtime•1990:challengedasleaderoftheConservativeParty;wonthefirstroundofthecontest,butthemajorityisnotenoughtopreventasecondround,resignedasprimeministerandwasreplacedbyJohnMajor.•lefttheHouseofCommons.•Soonafterwards,ThatcherwasmadeaBaronessbythequeenandbecameamemberoftheHouseofLords•OnNovember22at9inthemorning,1990,Thatcherdecidedtoquitthesecondroundofvotinginastatement.Thedecisionmadehercareerasaprimeministerontheend.•AfterIaskedcolleaguesopinionextensively,Iconcludethatinordertotheunity,andinthenextgeneralelectionvictory,Idecidedtodropoutleader,goodletmycolleaguestoparticipateinthecompetition.Ithankyouverymuchforthecabinetandtheoutsideworldhasbeenmyfaithfulsupport.Intheresignationspeech,Thatcherhasatearfulsaid:•After11andahalfyearsoftime,Iwillleavedowningstreet.Iamveryhappy,because,comparedtotoday'sEnglishhasbecomebetter.MargaretThatcherwasforcedtoreleasedresignationstatementonNovember22,1990.FalklandIslands•OnApril2,1982,inordertoincreasesupport,Argentina'smilitaryinvasionoftheFalklandislandscalledtheMalvinasislandsofArgentina,forBritain,thisisthefirsttimesincetheendofthesecondworldwarofinvasion.Argentinasincethe1830sheclaimedsovereigntyoftheFalklandislands,whichhavebeeninvolvedinadisputewithBritain.Soonininvasion,MargaretThatcherwasappointedtheroyalnavyregainislands,theFalklandswar.InJune1982,theBritishvictoryoverArgentina,takebacktheislands,reiterateditssovereignty,madeinBritainatthattimebecauseMargaretThatcherandrekindlethepatrioticenthusiasm,andherpopularityreboundfromthebottom.•DuringtheFalklandswar,becausetheBritishwarshipsbyIraqianti-shipmissileshavesunk,MargaretThatcherextremediscomfort,thencallthethenFrenchPresidentFrancoisMitterrandsinglingout,forcedtheFrenchsurrenderparameters;Mitterrandtight-lippedatfirst,butMargaretThatchertoMitterrandsaidatlast,shewilltoFukushima,donothesitatetousenuclearweaponsagainstArgentina,forcingMitterrandconstrained;MitterrandalsolikeThatcheropenconditionsatthesametime,tocompletethenapoleonofthechanneltunnelduringthespringandautumndream,aswiththeUKraised1982年4月2日，为了增加支持，阿根廷的军政府入侵了阿根廷称之为马尔维纳斯群岛的福克兰群岛，对英国来说，这是自第二次世界大战结束以来首次遭到的入侵。阿根廷自1830年以来便声称拥有福克兰群岛的主权，因而一直与英国发生纠纷。在入侵发生不久，撒切尔夫人便指派英国皇家海军重夺群岛，福克兰群岛战争爆发。1982年6月，英国战胜了阿根廷，夺回了群岛，重申主权，使英国国内一时间因为撒切尔夫人而重燃了爱国热诚，而她的声望亦由谷底反弹。在福克兰战争期间，由于英军战舰遭阿军发射法制飞鱼反舰导弹击沉，引起撒切尔夫人极度不悦，遂打电话给时任法国总统密特朗兴师问罪，胁迫法方交出飞鱼导弹的参数；起先密特朗守口如瓶，但撒切尔最后对密特朗放话，她会为了福岛主权，不惜动用核武器攻击阿根廷，迫使密特朗就范；同时密特朗也像撒切尔开条件，要完成拿破仑开凿英吉利海峡隧道的春秋大梦，当作与英方的交换筹码。•BritishvictoryintheFalklandswarbecometheso-called“Falklandfactors,combinedwiththeBritisheconomyisatthatmoment,fromthebottomrebound,June1983,theconservativepartywinstheelection,itbecometheconservativerulingperiodfrom1979to1997,theprestigehighestpeak.Thatcher'sgovernmentpassedanewlaw,lettheunionmembershavegreaterdemocraticforces,tocurbaggressiveradicalunionleaders.Inaddition,MargaretThatcherhasintroducedtherenterpropertyrightsplan(RighttoBuyScheme),andthatlocalpublichousingresidentstodiscountBuybuildingpropertyRight,thusincreasingtheworkingclasssupportforher.英国在福克兰群岛战争的胜利成为了所谓的“福克兰因素”，再加上英国的经济也正在此时从谷底反弹，1983年6月，保守党在大选中胜出，这成为保守党1979年至1997年整个执政期内声望的最高峰。撒切尔夫人的政府通过了新法例，让工会会员有更大的民主力量，去抑制好斗激进的工会领袖。另外，撒切尔夫人又推出了“租赁者置业权计划”（RighttoBuyScheme），让地方公共房屋居民以折扣购买房屋产权，从而增加了工人阶级对她的支持。DiscussiononthefutureofHongKong•1984,DengXiaopingandMargaretThatchertodiscussthehandoverofsovereigntyissues.Theresumeofthecontent•MargaretThatcherandDengXiaoping'stalksintermsofsovereigntyoverHongKong,inordertopreventthetransferofcolonialHongKongin1997causedalargenumberofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaHongKongmovedtoBritain,MargaretThatcherpre-emptiveannouncementisnotintheHongKongci