Introduction for environmental science and enginee

EnvironmentalscienceandengineeringOneofthemostbeautifulmajorsIfweletthecurrentsituationgoasitis“NightmareofCity”“QomolangmaofGarbage”“Nowater,butsweat”Someironiccartoonsaboutenvironmentalproblems城市梦魇垃圾珠峰挥汗如水AirPollutionSolidWasteWaterShortageWhatourmajoraimsat?TheEnvironmentalScienceandEngineeringisasynthesisapplicationnaturalscience,whichcontainssocialscienceprincipleandthetechnologymethodrelatedtoenvironmentprotectionandsustainabledevelopment.SustainableDevelopment(可持续发展)EnvironmentalMonitoring(环境监测)PollutionControl(污染控制)EnvironmentalAssessment(环境评价)EnvironmentalPlanning(环境规划)WaterPollutionControlAirPollutionControlSolidwasteControlWastewateranditscontrollingmethodWastewaterDefinition:WaterthathasbeenadverselyaffectedinqualitybyanthropogenicinfluenceIndustrialwastewaterDomesticwastewater（生活污水）RainfallOriginsIndustrialwastewater--themostharmfulpartConstituentsProductionmaterialsByproductsProcesswaterCoolingwaterCharacteristicslargequantityComplicatedcompositionDomesticwastewaterHouse:kitchentoiletbathroomPublicplace:schoolofficehospitalRainfallrainfallrunofffromroads,roofs,groundscontainsoils,animalfeces,litter,gasoline,rubberresidues,metalsfromvehicleexhausts,pollutantsfromtheair,etc.QualityIndexPhysicalindexTemperatureColourOdorSolidChemicalindexOrganics(CODBODTOC)Inorganics(pHNPMetal)BiologicalindexBacteriaVirusQuestionsDoyouknowwheredoesthewastewatergo?Doyouwonderhowdoesthewastewaterbecomeclean?DisposeTheory--microbialmetabolism(新陈代谢)basedonthemaintenanceandrecirculationofacomplexbiomasscomposedbymicro-organismsabletoabsorbandadsorbtheorganicmattercarriedinthewastewaterPlace--municipaltreatmentplantProcess--activatedsludge（活性污泥法）ProcessflowdiagramArtificialwetland（人工湿地）OthermethodsBiologicalmembrane（生物膜法）AftertreatmentFlowintotheriverIrrigationReusesprinkler（洒水车）fountain（喷泉）artificiallake（人工湖）coolingwaterPLEASESAVETHEWATERAirpollutionistheintroductionintotheatmosphereofchemicals,particulate,orbiologicalmaterialsthatcausediscomfort,disease,ordeathtohumans,damageotherlivingorganismssuchasfoodcrops,ordamagethenaturalenvironmentorbuiltenvironment.AirPollutionManmadesourcespowerplants,fuelburningheatingdevices,motorvehicles,traditionalbiomassburningNaturalsourcesvolcanicactivity,animalsSourcesTheadverseeffectsofairpollutionTheGreatSmogof1952inLondonBeijingcoughHazedayslastwinterParticulatecontroldevicesMechanicalcollectors机械除尘器Electrostaticprecipitators静电除尘器Baghouses袋式除尘器Particulatescrubbers湿式除尘器ControlmeasuresNOXcontrolLowNOxburnersSelectivecatalyticreduction选择性催化还原Selectivenon-catalyticreduction选择性非催化还原AcidGascontrolWetscrubbers湿式除尘器Dryscrubbers干式除尘器Flue-gasdesulfurization烟道气脱硫AlikelyignoredfieldSolidwasteSolidwastereferstothehumanityinproduction,consumption,lifeandotheractivitiesandcausingsolid,semi-solidabandonedmaterials,includinggaseousitemsinthecontainers,andothers,definedbylaws,regulations,whichshouldbetreatedassolidwaste.DefinitionMunicipalsolidwasteIndustrialwasteoriginscoalgangue(煤矸石)ElectronicwasteLandfill(填埋)HowtodisposesolidwasteIncineration(焚烧)PutthegarbageintotheincineratorAnaerobiccomposting(厌氧堆肥)MethanetankLet’shandinhandtorecreateabeautifulearth