斑岩型铜矿床中铂族元素的研究现状与存在问题

29120101ACTAPETROLOGICAETMINERALOGICAVol.29,No.1:100~108Jan.,2010综述与进展王敏芳,邓晓东,李占轲,毕诗健(,430074):,,,,,,,,PGE,PGE,PGE,:;;;;;:P618.53:A:1000-6524(2010)01-0100-09CurrentsituationandexistingproblemsinthestudyofplatinumgroupelementsinporphyrycopperdepositsWANGMin-fang,DENGXiao-dong,LIZhan-keandBIShi-jian(FacultyofEarthResources,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan430074,China)Abstract:Thestudyofplatinumgroupelementshasmadeimportantachievementsinrecentdecades.PGEcanbehostedindifferenttypesofrocksformedindifferentepochs.Theore-formingconditionofPGEisalsoquitespecialduetotheirparticularchemicalcharacteristicssuchasstablechemicalbehaviorsandrefractoryofcommonacidandalkalisolutions.PGEmineralizationinporphyrycopperdepositsbelongstooneoftheunconventionalPGEmineralizationsandissignificantfortheunderstandingoftheproblemhowPGEweretransportedfromlithospheretograniteandthenconcentratedinsulfides.ThispaperdescribesthecurrentstatusofthestudyofPGEinporphyrycopperdepositsinthefollowingfiveaspects:PGEdistribution,PGEmineralization,platinumgroupminerals,fluidinclusions,andenrichmentmechanism.ThemainexistingproblemsinPGEstudyforporphyrycopperdeposits,suchasunclearinfluencingfactorsonPGEdistribution,inadequatesystematicstudyoffluidinclusions,insufficientresearchesontheenrichmentmechanismofPGEinporphyrycopperdeposits,arealsodiscussed.TheemphaticpointsinthestudyofPGEinporphyrycopperdepositsarepointedout,anditisfurthersuggestedthattheseriesofporphyrycopperdepositsinthemiddleandlowerYangtzeregionarepotential:2009-04-01;:2009-05-13:(40902026);()(CUGQNL0735);(CUG090102):(1980-),,,,,E-mail:[e-mail]ofCordilleranalkalinesuiteporphyriescontainingcopperandpreciousmetals.Later,elevatedPGEcontentwasreportedbyEliopoulosetal.basedonaPGEcontentanalysisofsamplesfromdifferentalterationzones.Then,muchresearchworkonPGEconcentrationinporphyrycopperdepositshasbeendone.AcomparisonofporphyrycopperdepositsindifferenttectonicenvironmentsmadebyTarkianetal.showsthattheporphyryCudepositsoftheislandarctypehavehigherPdandPtcontentthanthoseofthecontinentalmargintype.However,someotherscientistsholdthatthePGEcontentisonlyrelatedtothesulfidecontentoftheporphyryCudepositsandhasnorelationtothegeologicalage,chemicalcompositionoftheintrusivesandtypesofmagma.So,whatarethetruefactorswhichaffectthePGEcontentintheporphyrycopperdeposits?Accordingtoacarefulopticalandmicroanalysis,thepresenceoftheplatinumgroupminerals(PGM)hasbeenrevealedbysomeresearchers.MostofthePGMsofardiagnosedintheporphyrycopperdepositsaretellurides,arsenides,bismuthidesand,especially,merenskyite.Basedonfluidinclusionstudy,itisconsideredthatthemineralizingfluidsseemtobehightemperatureandhighsalinityfluidsintheporphyryCudeposits,andPdandPtmighthavebeentransportedaschloridecomplexesundersuitablephysicochemicalconditions.Keywords:platinumgroupelement;porphyrycopperdeposit;platinumgroupmineral;influencingfactor;fluidinclusion;enrichmentmechanism(PGE),(Ru)(Rh)(Pd)(Os)(Ir)(Pt)6,,,,,,,,,,,JohnsonMatthey200810,2007,2000,,310,23(,2007),0.3%,1(PGE),,90%PGE(,2006),BushveldNirilsk-TalnakhSubduryStillwaterGreatDyke,-Cu-Ni,96%~99%,(BoudreauandMcCallum,1992;Barnesetal.,2006;HolwellandMcDonald,2007;Naldrettetal.,2008)Stribrny(2000),!PGE∀!PGE∀,:#,BushveldStillwaterGreatDyke;∃,Norilsk-Talnakh,Sudbury,(,2000);%,(Tolstykhetal.,2002)(Gornostayevetal.,1999)PGEPGEPGE(Stribrnyetal.,2000),:#PGE,Skouries(Eliopoulosetal.,1991;Economou-EliopoulosandEliopoulos,2000,2005a,2005b),Elatsite(Petrunovetal.,1992;Eliopoulosetal.,1995;vonQuadtetal.,2002;Kehayovetal.,2003;Tarkianetal.,2003;Augeetal.,2005),SantoTomas&(TarkianandKoopmann,1995);∃(VMS)PGE,Uzelginsk(Vikentyevetal.,2004)SatanicMills(Paavaetal.,2004);%PGE,SukhoiLog1011:(Vikentyevetal.,2004)Llandoverian(Canetetal.,2004)(,2003;,2004)2Mutschler(1985)PGE,Eliopoulos(1991)SkouriesPGEAu,,,3∋10-9~50∋10-9,1804kg,3.4t(,1997;,1999)1989,Pd,PtPdPGE,(,1993)PGE:Skouries,ElatsiteMedet,SantoTomas&Biga,Mamut,MajdanpekBor,OkTediPanguna,AksugSoraZhirekenErdenetiun-Obo(TarkianandStribrny,1999;Sotnikovetal.,2001)(1),BritishColumbia(Thompsonetal.,2001)(Augeetal.,2005)PGE1Fig.1DistributionofmajorPGE-richporphyrycopperdepositsintheworld2.1,PGEIPGE(OsIrRu)PPGE(Pd,PtRh)IPGE,;PPGE,,(Gueddarietal.,1996),,PPGETarkianStribrny(1999)3342(),23Pd(8∋10-9),10Pt,OsIrRuRh,PdPt,Pd(TarkianandStribrny,1999;Augeetal.,2005;Berzinaetal.,102292007)PdPt,PdPt,5,2,3,(TarkianandStribrny,1999),?PdPt,PdPt(Eliopoulosetal.,1991),,(TarkianandKoopmann,1995;TarkianandStribrny,1999)(),PdPt(,2009),2.2Mutschler(1985),PdPt(),Pd+Pt2∋10-6~4∋10-6,20∋10-6Sotnikov(2001)CuCu-Mo,,PdPt,n∋10-8n∋10-7,,PdPt,n∋10-9~n∋10-8LowellGuilbert(1970),,PGE,,-,(Eliopoulosetal.,1991;Economou-EliopoulosandEliopoulos,2000,2005a,2005b;Economou-Eliopoulosetal.,2001;Sotnikovetal.,2001;Augeetal.,2005;Berzinaetal.,2005),--PdPt(TarkianandKoopmann,1995;Berzinaetal.,2005)Thompson(2001)TarkianStribrny(2003)Auge(2005)PGE,,PdPt(,2006)Tarkian(1999),PdPtCuAu,PdPtAu(2),AuPdr=072,PdPtr=