基于ARM9的直流电机控制系统的设计

基于ARM9的直流电机控制系统的设计沈阳航空航天大学2010年6月I摘要随着我国经济的高速发展，微电子技术、计算机技术和自动控制技术也得到了迅速发展，直流电机调速技术已经进入一个崭新的时代，其应用越来越广。而作为控制核心的各种单片机芯片也在不断的更新发展，其功能越来越强大。随着人们对其要求的提高，直流电机控制系统的调速方法也相应的产生了PWM（脉宽调制技术），其控制芯片也由原来常用的51单片机系列升华为ARM系列的控制实验板。本设计基于ARM9开发板的直流电机控制系统的调速，以显示ARM开发板的独特功能，利用脉宽调制技术，调节占空比以达到调节转速的目的，将测得的数据传给上位机后进行观测。设计大体上分为硬件设计和软件设计两部分，硬件部分包括驱动模块，控制模块，数据检测模块以及通信模块，软件部分包括程序设计，两大部分实现了对电机转速的监测和控制，更好的确保了设计的准确性。通过合理的选择和设计提高了直流电机控制系统调速的技术，学习和研究新型控制芯片，使设计达到了较为理想的控制效果是本设计的宗旨。关键词：ARM9开发板；PWM技术；PID调节功能IIAbstractAlongwiththerapiddevelopmentofChineseeconomy,microelectronicstechnology,computertechnologyandautomaticcontroltechnologyisrapidlydeveloping,dcmotorcontroltechnologyhasenteredanewera,themoreandmorewideapplication.AsthecoreofMCUcontrolchipareconstantlyupdateddevelopment,itsfunctionandmorepowerful.Asforthepeople,thecontrolsystemofdcmotorcontrolmethodandthecorrespondingproducethepulsewidthmodulation(PWM)anditscontrolchiptechnologyisusedbytheoriginalsublimated51-seriesmicrocomputerseriesofcontrolboardARMseries.ThedesignisbasedonARM9developmentboardofthecontrolsystemofdcmotorspeed,inordertoshowtheARMdevelopmentboard,usingtheuniquefunctionofPWMtechnology,SHCHadjustmentinordertoachievethegoal,willadjustspeedmeasurementdatatoPCandsoftwareit.Generaldesignofhardwaredesignandsoftwaredesignisdividedintotwoparts,hardwarepartincludesdrivermodule,controlmodule,datacommunicationmodule,andthesoftwaremoduleincludesprogrammingmodule,twomostofthemonitoringandcontrolmotorspeed,betterensuretheaccuracyofthedesign.Throughthereasonableselectionanddesignofdcmotorcontrolsystemtoimprovethespeedoftechnology,learningandresearch,newcontrolchipdesigntotheidealcontroleffectisthedesignpurpose.Keywords:ARM9Board;PWM;PIDAdjustmentFunctionIII目录1绪论................................................................................................................................11.1毕业设计立题意义.....................................................................................................11.2研究内容及目标.........................................................................................................31.3毕业设计内容分析....................................................................................................32总体方案设计....................................................................................................................42.1直流电机控制系统的总体设计思想.........................................................................42.2硬件部分设计.............................................................................................................52.3软件部分设计.............................................................................................................53硬件设计方案....................................................................................................................63.1ARM9开发板简介.....................................................................................................63.2驱动模块设计............................................................................................................73.2.1S3C2440芯片简介...............................................................................................73.2.2SPGT62C19B电机控制模组简介......................................................................83.3数据检测模块设计...................................................................................................103.3.1PWM技术简介..................................................................................................103.3.2直流电机电枢PWM调压调速原理.................................................................103.3.3直流电机调速系统的整体结构.........................................................................113.3.4ARM的脉宽调制PWM描述...........................................................................113.4控制模块设计...........................................................................................................133.5通信模块设计..........................................................................................................143.5.1RS232的串口通信接线.....................................................................................143.5.2串口通信............................................................................................................154软件方案设计..................................................................................................................174.1系统软件设计步骤..................................................................................................174.2编程环境设置..........................................................................................................194.3程序设计..................................................................................................................204.3.1系统初始化.........................................................................................................20IV4.3.2中断子程序设计.................................................................................................214.3.3PWM调速程序设计..........................................................................................224.3.4串口通信程序设计....................