terms-of-payment--国际贸易支付方式

Chapter11InternationalTradePaymentLearningobjectivesTolearnthebasicthreeinstrumentsofpayment–billofexchange,promissorynoteandcheque.Tolearnthemodesofpaymentinint’ltrade–remittance,collection,letterofcredit.Tobeawareofthepaymentprocessunderdifferentpaymentmethods.Tolearnthepaymentclauseinasalescontract.TermsofPaymentTermsofpaymentdefinetheconditionsunderwhichthesellerandbuyeragreetosettlethefinancialamountofthesalescontract.Itincludes:Methodofpayment;Amount;Placeanddateofpayment;Costrelatingtothepayment.FinancialinstrumentsInint’ltrade,currenciesandbillsaretwomajormeansofpayment.Itisdifficultforthebuyertopayandthesellertodeliverthegoodsfacetoface.Theyusedocumentstofulfilltheirrespectiveobligations,i.e.,thesellerdeliversthegoodsandispaidagainstthedocuments,meanwhilethebuyermakespaymentandgetthegoodsagainstthedocuments.Banksareintermediaries,andbillsareinstrumentsofpayment.InstrumentsofInt’lSettlement国际结算工具Bill票据Cheque支票PromissoryNote本票Draft汇票Currency货币Instrumentsofpayment1.Billofexchange/draft汇票BillofExchange汇票Awritten,dated,andsignedthree-partyinstrumentcontaininganunconditionalorderbyadrawer（出票人）thatdirectsadrawee（受票人/付款人）topayadefinitesumofmoneytoortoorderofaspecifiedparty(payee)（受款人）ataspecifiedfuturedate.Alsoknownasadraft.是出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者在将来可以确定的时间或固定时间无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票人的票据。PartiesofthebillofexchangeDrawer-Thepartywhowritestheorderandgivesdirectionstoanotherpersontomakeaspecificpaymentofmoney.Heisusuallytheexporter.Drawee/payer-Thepartytowhomtheorderisaddressedandwhoistopaythemoney.Heisusuallytheimporter.-Hemayhonorordishonorthebill.Payee-Thepartywhoistoreceivethepayment.-Ifthebillistransferred,heiscalledtheoriginalholder/transferor.ExamplesofSightDraft见票即付的汇票格式BillofExchangeNoCZFR---00127Date03,July,1995,GuangzhouExchangeforUSD100,000D/PAtsightpaythisfirstbillofexchange(secondexchangebeingunpaid)totheorderofBankofChinaGuangzhouBranchthesumofUSDonehundredthousandonly.Tobuyer/importerForseller/exporterUnitedKingdomauthorizedsignatureProcedureofusingbillsofexchangeIssue（出票）:itcomprisestwoacts:(1)todrawadraftandsignit;(2)todeliverittothepayeePresentment/Presentation（提示）:theactoftakingthebilltothedraweeanddemandingthathemakesthepaymentoracceptsthebill.Acceptance（承兑）:theactthatthedraweewritesdowntheword“accepted”,marksthedateandsignshisnameacrossthefaceofthebill.Payment（付款）:madewhenthebillispresentedtothedraweeandpaymentofatimebillismadeatmaturity.Abillisdischargedonlywhenpaymentismadeinduecourse.ProcedureofusingbillsofexchangeEndorsement（背书）:anactofnegotiationtosignonthebackofadrafttotransferrightsinthedrafttoanother.Demonstrativeendorsement:theonewhichspecifiesthepersontowhom,ortowhoseorder,thebillistobepayable,suchas“pay…ortoorderof”.Restrictiveendorsement:theonewhichlimitsthebillforfurthernegotiation,suchas“pay…only”or“pay…non-transfer”.Blankendorsement:theonewhichmakesthebillpayabletobearerandtomakedeliveryandwithoutadditionalendorsement.ProcedureofusingbillsofexchangeDishonorandrecourse（拒付和追索）:afailureorrefusaltomakeacceptanceorpaymentofabillofexchangewhenpresentedtothedrawee.Whenabillisdishonoredeitherbynon-acceptanceorbynon-payment,theholdermayexercisehisrightofrecourseagainsthispriorendorsersanddrawerforpayment.ProcedureofusingbillsofexchangeEg.paytoxxCo.only;payxxCo.orpaytotheorderofxxCo.Draftbearer(持票人）asksforpaymentoracceptanceDrawee(付款人)receivesthetimedraft&isunconditionallyobligedtopayatmaturity(到期）.Draweewillpaythesightdraftonpresentationandwillpaythetimedraftatmaturityonpresentation.Itisasignatureonthebackofthedraftbywhichthepersontowhomthenoteispayable,transfersittothebearerortoaspecificperson.Thedraftbearerencountersdishonorbynon-acceptance(拒绝承兑）ornon-payment（拒绝付款）.Draw/Issue(出票)Presentation(提示)Payment（付款）Endorsement(背书)Dishonor&recourse(拒付和追索)Acceptance(承兑)payee①issue②presentdrawerpayer/drawee③accept,payProcedureofusingbillofexchangeTypesofbillofexchangeAccordingtothedateofpayment,draftcanbeclassifiedinto:SightBillorDemandDraftorDraftatsight(即期汇票)TimeBillorUsanceBillorDraftaftersight(远期汇票)Accordingtodifferentdrawer（出票人），itcanbeclassifiedinto:Banker’sDraft/Bill（银行汇票）:issuedbyabankeronanotherbank.TradeDraft/Bill（商业汇票）:issuedbyatraderonanothertraderoronabank.TypesofbillofexchangeAccordingtoattachingshippingdocumentornot,itcanbeclassifiedinto:DocumentaryBill（跟单汇票）:accompaniedbyshippingdocuments.CleanBill（光票）:withoutshippingdocumentsattached.Accordingtodifferentacceptor（承兑人）,itcanbeclassifiedinto:Trader’sAcceptanceBill（商业承兑汇票）:drawnonandacceptedbyatraderBanker’sAcceptanceBill（银行承兑汇票）:drawnonandacceptedbyabanker2.PromissoryNote本票Promissorynote:Apromissorynotemakesanunconditionalpromiseinwritingtopayasumofmoneytotheother,eitheratafixedordeterminablefuturetimeorondemandofthepayee,underspecificterms.Thepartywhopromisestopayiscalledthemaker;thepartywhoistobepaidisthepayee.出票人本人签发给受款人的、保证在见票时或在指定的或可确定的将来某一时间无条件支付一定金额的书面承诺。3.Cheque/check支票ChequeAwrittenorderbythedrawerormaker,directingabanktopayasumofmoneyatsightunconditionallytothespecificpersonorthechec