伦敦烟雾事件ppt

2020/1/232020/1/232020/1/23TheGreatSmogof1952AhistoryofsmogHowthesmogof1952formedImpactsofthesmogResponsetothesmogTheGreatSmogonLondonin1952Whennightfallcame,however,thefogthickened.Visibilitydroppedtoafewmetres.InTheIsleofDogsarea,thefogtherewassothickpeoplecouldnotseetheirfeet.Britainhaslongbeenaffectedbymistsandfogs,butthesebecamemuchmoresevereaftertheonsetoftheIndustrialRevolutioninthelate1700s.Factoriesbelchedgasesandhugenumbersofparticlesintotheatmosphere,whichinthemselvescouldbepoisonous.Thepollutantsintheair,however,couldalsoactascatalystsforfog,aswaterclingstothetinyparticlestocreatepollutedfog,orsmog.Whensomeofthechemicalsmixwithwaterandair,theycanturnintoacidwhichcancauseskinirritations,breathingproblems,andevencorrodebuildings.Smogcanbeidentifiedeasilybyitsthick,foul-smelling,dirty-yelloworbrowncharacteristics,totallydifferenttothecleanwhitefogincountryareas.`AhistoryofsmogHowthesmogof1952formedTheweatherinNovemberandearlyDecember1952hadbeenverycold,withheavysnowfallsacrosstheregion.Tokeepwarm,thepeopleofLondonwereburninglargequantitiesofcoalintheirhomes.Smokewaspouringfromthechimneysoftheirhouses.Undernormalconditions,smokewouldriseintotheatmosphereanddisperse,butananticyclonewashangingovertheregion.Thispushesairdownwards,warmingitasitdescends.Thiscreatesaninversion,whereairclosetothegroundiscoolerthantheairhigheraboveit.Sowhenthewarmsmokecomesoutofthechimney,itistrapped.Theinversionof1952alsotrappedparticlesandgasesemittedfromfactorychimneysintheLondonarea,alongwithpollutionwhichthewindsfromtheeasthadbroughtfromindustrialareasonthecontinent.Duringtheperiodofthefog,hugeamountsofimpuritieswerereleasedintotheatmosphere.Oneachdayduringthefoggyperiod,thefollowingpollutantswereemitted:1,000tonnesofsmokeparticles,2,000tonnesofcarbondioxide,140tonnesofhydrochloricacidand14tonnesoffluorinecompounds.Inaddition,andperhapsmostdangerously,370tonnesofsulphurdioxidewereconvertedinto800tonnesofsulphuricacid.Impactsofthesmog•About4,000peoplewereknowntohavediedasaresultofthefog,butitcouldbemanymore.•Manypeoplesufferedfrombreathingproblems•PressreportsclaimedcattleatSmithfieldhadbeenasphyxiatedbythesmog.•Travelwasdisruptedfordays•About4,000peoplewereknowntohavediedasaresultofthefog,butitcouldbemanymore.•Manypeoplesufferedfrombreathingproblems•PressreportsclaimedcattleatSmithfieldhadbeenasphyxiatedbythesmog.•Travelwasdisruptedfordays•About4,000peoplewereknowntohavediedasaresultofthefog,butitcouldbemanymore.•Manypeoplesufferedfrombreathingproblems•PressreportsclaimedcattleatSmithfieldhadbeenasphyxiatedbythesmog.•Travelwasdisruptedfordays1.About4,000peoplewereknowntohavediedasaresultofthefog,butitcouldbemanymore.2.Manypeoplesufferedfrombreathingproblems3.Trafficiseffected.backResponsetothesmogAseriesoflawswerebroughtintoavoidarepeatofthesituation.ThisincludedtheCleanAirActsof1956and1968.Theseactsbannedemissionsofblacksmokeanddecreedresidentsofurbanareasandoperatorsoffactoriesmustconverttosmokelessfuels.Peopleweregiventimetoadapttothenewrules,however,andfogscontinuedtobesmokyforsometimeaftertheActof1956waspassed.In1962,forexample,750Londonersdiedasaresultofafog,butnothingonthescaleofthe1952GreatSmoghaseveroccurredagain.Thiskindofsmoghasnowbecomeathingofthepast,thankspartlytopollutionlegislationandalsotomoderndevelopments,suchasthewidespreaduseofcentralheating.TheBritishPrimeMinisterCameronDeputyPrimeMinisterClegerTheNewenergyvehicles这就是伦敦的自我救赎之路。“伦敦烟雾事件”已成久远的历史，但它对今天的人们仍具有强烈的警示意义：发展经济不能以污染环境为代价，否则类似“伦敦烟雾事件”这样的生态悲剧必将重演。GooutwearingmasksDonotopenthewindowinthehazeweatherLightdietanddrinkplentyofwater（饮食清淡多喝水）Whatweshouldeatbetter?tomatoesgarlicvegetablespersimmonsThankYouSpeakeby冀希希Producedby周杰Membersofthegroup：李咪冀希希彭兰谢玲玉67周杰