78Unit4 A View of Mountains

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Unit4TextIAViewofMountainsNucleartechnology•Thereisagreatdealofpublicconcernaboutitsdangersandpossibleimplications.Therefore,everyapplicationofnucleartechnologyisreviewedwithcare.•Howmuchdoyouknowaboutnucleartechnology?Nucleartechnology•Nucleartechnologyistechnologythatinvolvesthereactionsofatomicnuclei.Ithasfoundapplicationsfromsmokedetectorstonuclearreactors,andfromgunsightstonuclearweapons.Pre-readingquestions•1.Somepeoplethinkpossessingnuclearweaponsthreatenstheexistenceofmankindothersthinkitservesasgooddeterrencetopreventcountriesfromgoingtowar.•Areyoufororagainstnuclearweapons?Why?•2.Doyouthinknuclearenergyisasafeandeconomicalsourceofenergy?Explain.•3.Wouldyouliveinaplacethathasanuclearpowerplantnearby?Givereasons.TheProsandConsofNuclearEnergy•Advantages:•1.Reductioninairpollution:acoal-fireplantreleasesmuchmoreradioactivity,co2andotherelementsintotheatmospherethanaproperly-functioningnuclearpowerplantdoes.nuclearenergyisextremelycleanandnotpoisonous;•2.Medicalapplication:nucleartechniquesforthediagnosisofmanydiseases,suchasleishmaniasis,Chagasdisease,iodinedeficiencies,andsicklecelldiseases.•Disadvantages:•Miningandpurifyinguraniumhasnotbeenaverycleanprocess;•Improperlyfunctioningnuclearpowerplantscancreatebigproblems,liketheChernobyldisaster.Chernobylscatteredtonsofradioactivedustintotheatmosphere.(切尔诺贝利在1986年因核事故而被废弃)•Transportingnuclearfueltoandfromplantsposessomerisk.切尔诺贝利在1986年因核事故而被废弃Chernobyldisaster•1986年4月26日凌晨1点23分,在乌克兰基辅州普里皮亚特发生,是历史上最严重的核能发电厂意外事故。•由于切尔诺贝利发电厂没有保护掩体,导致受到核辐射尘污染的云层飘往前苏联西部的部分地区、西欧、东欧、斯堪地那维亚半岛、不列颠群岛和北美东部部分地区。此外,在乌克兰、白俄罗斯及俄罗斯境内遭受到严重的核污染,超过336,000名的居民被迫撤离。•依据前苏联的官方报告,约60%受到辐射尘污染的地区皆位于白俄罗斯境内,但根据2006年的TORCH报告指出,半数的辐射尘都落在前述的三个前苏联国家以外。这次灾难所释放出的辐射线剂量是投在广岛的原子弹的400倍以上。BackgroundInformationofthetest1.aboutthetextThistextistheepiloguefromJonathanSchell’sbookTheGiftofTime:TheCauseforAbolishingNuclearweaponsNowpublishedbyHenryHolt&Co.in1998.2.abouttheauthorJonathanSchellistheauthorofTheVillageofBenSueandTheFateoftheEarth.HewasawriterfortheNewYorkerfrom1967to1987andacolumnistforNewsdayfrom1990to1996.HeteachesatWesleyanUniversityandtheNewSchool,andistheHaroldWillensPeaceFellowatTheNationInstitute.3.TheNagasakiisacitywhichistheseaportinsouthwestJapan(长崎)andisonethetwocitiesthatgotnuclearbombingintheWarII.4.TheHiroshimaisacitywhichistheseaportinsouthwestJapan(广岛)andistheothercitythatgotnuclearbombingintheWarII.5.TheKokurareferstoaseaportinKitakyushu(九洲),Japan(小仓).Culturalnotes:Jappropernames•Regularincertainsense•姓名用汉字时,姓前名后:山端庸介•姓名用字母时,姓后名前:YosukeYamahata(这是明治维新之后日本人脱亚入欧的做法之一)•姓名、地名中的汉字,既有训读(Kun’yomi,orsemanticborrowing),又有音读,不规则的地方不少,因为存在“一对多”或“多对一”现象。Learnsomerules•Yōsuke=Yō(庸)+suke(介)•庸是音读(on’yomi),而介是训读•RyūnosukeAkutagawa(芥川龙之介)•Ryū=龙,no=之,suke=介•Akuta=芥,gawakawa=川YosukeYamahata山端庸介•MostwidelyheldworksaboutYōsukeYamahata•Sarinagara:romanbyPhilippeForest(Book)•NagasakijourneythephotographsofYosukeYamahata:aphotographyexhibitiontouringinternationally1995-1996•TextAnalysis•TextIAViewofMountains•Thisargumentativeessaycomprisesthreeparts:•Inthefirstpart(Paragraph1)•Inthesecondpart(Paragraphs2-3)•Inthelastpart(Paragraph4)StructuralAnalysisInthefirstpart,thewriterputsforwardhisthesis:aviewofmountainsinthebackgroundsuggeststherealextenttowhichthecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbomb.Inthesecondpart,theauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshimaandthatweneedtotakeactionstodispelnuclearthreatfromtheEarth.Inthelastpart,herestateshismainidea,i.e.weshouldnotjustworryaboutthenuclearperilbuttakeactionstoeliminateittocreateasaferworld.Languagework•dispatch:(formal)tosendsomeoneorsth.somewhereforaparticularpurpose;tosendofftoadestination•AreporterwasdispatchedtoNaplestocovertheriot.•美国朋友们给他寄去了好几包裹食品。•Parcelsoffoodwere~edtohimbyA….•政府正准备派出4000士兵对全岛进行搜索。•Thegov.waspreparingto~4,000s….constitute:1)compose;form.bethecomponetsoressenceof;makeupform组成,构成e,g.Meat,milk,vegetables,fruitandstarchesconstituteabalanceddiet.肉类、牛奶、蔬菜、水果以及淀粉质食物构成了均衡饮食。Nitrogenconstitutes78%oftheearth’satmostphere.2)beequaltoItisuptotheteachertodecidewhatconstitutessatisfactorywork.•constitute为正式用语,意为“若干部分构成一个整体”,一般不用于被动语态,如:54cardsconstituteapack.54张卡片组成一副纸牌。compose意为“一个整体由若干部分组成或由哪些要素构成”,常用短语为becomposedof,如:Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.水是由氢和氧构成的。•comprise也为正式用语,不仅有“整体由若干部分构成”的意思,也不用于被动语态,如:Thebookcomprisestenchapters.这本书有十章。•Studyinganddoingexperiments___practicallythewholeofhislife.•研究和做实验几乎就是他生活的全部内容。•brand•v.markwithhotiron;impressfirmly打烙印;铭记,铭刻•Imageryofthewarhasbrandeditselfintothenationalconsciousness.战争的印象深深地铭刻在人民的脑海里。•(点拔)①其宾语后面接介词as,意为“指为;使显得”,如:•Theybrandedhimasaliar.他们指他为说谎者。•Herhairstylebrandedherasoldfashioned.她的发型使她显得守旧。•②其宾语后面接介词on,意为“铭记,如:•Brandthelessononyourmind.牢记这个教训。•survive•v.remainaliveorinexistence;livelongerthan;outlive活着,继续存在;比…活得长•Hewastheonlypassengerthatsurvivedtheplanecrash.•他是这次飞机失事中惟一幸存的乘客。•(点拨)意为“比某人多活……年”时,介词用by,如:•她比他丈夫多活了十年。•Shesurvivedherhusbandbytenyears.•intact•adj.remainingsound,entire,oruninjured;notimpairedinanyway完好无损的•

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