8.语法填空复习之(提示词)--构词法

第二部分重要语法构词法构词法包括派生法、转化法和合成法。懂得构词法，对扩大词汇量，扫清阅读中的障碍都非常有益。但在语法填空中方便考的只能是派生法。词语派生是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及句子结构分析、充当各种成分的典型词类、构词法特别是派生法等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。构词法请做下列高考真题。•1.(2013)Thatwouldbeavery_______(reason)thingtodoinabigcity.思路点拨：reasonable在名词前作定语要用形容词。真题再练•2.(2013)Butsuchasmallthingcouldn’t________(possible)destroyavillage.思路点拨：possibly修饰谓语动词destroy作状语，用副词。注意：以-ble接尾的形容词，其副词形式通常是将ble改为bly。•3.(2012)ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt_________(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther…思路点拨：pleased在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”。•4.(2011)Hemustbe________(mental)disabled.思路点拨：mentally修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词。•5.(2010)Histeachertookadeepdrink，smiled_________(warm)，andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.思路点拨：warmly修饰动词smiled作状语，用副词形式。•6.(2009)ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.思路点拨：choice在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式。•7.(2008)Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_________(nature)course.思路点拨：natural在名词course前作定语，用形容词。•8.(2007)Wedranktogetherandtalked_______(merry)tillfarintothenight.思路点拨：merrily修饰动词talked作状语，用副词。年份答案具体考点题数2013reasonablen.→adj.2possiblyadj.→adv.2012pleasedvt.→adj.12011mentallyadj.→adv.12010warmlyadj.→adv.12009choicevt.→n.12008naturaln.→adj.12007merrilyadj.→adv.1考情分析从上表可看出，每年必考1题，其中2013年考了2题，共涉及四种情况：(1)adj.→adv.有4个小题。(2)n.→adj.有2个小题。(3)vt.→n.有1个小题。(4)vt.→adj.有1个小题。解答这类题，首先要分析句子结构，看空格处要填的词在句子充当什么成分；然后回顾思考充当这一成分需要哪类词，再看括号中所给词是什么词类，应如何将其转换成所需词类.关于充当句中各成分的最典型的词类，请记住以下三条：1.作主语或宾语要用名词，如上述第6题。2.作定语、表语或补足语一般用形容词，如上述第1、3、7题。解题技巧3.修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词，如上述第2、4、5、8题。注意：(1)有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺。如：Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis_________(care)work.解析：在形容词性物主代词与名词之间必定是填形容词作定语，如填careful(细心的)，句子的逻辑意义不通，要填careless(粗心的)才通顺。(2)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，就可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀了。如：InAlaska,thewolfalmost_______(appear)afewyearsagobecausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.解析：主句中没有其他谓语动词，appear应为谓语动词，由后面从句的谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时,若填appeared,与后面的原因状语从句意义相矛盾，应填disappeared，才通顺。一、形容词——副词二、动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀三、动词变为名词的后缀四、形容词变名词的后缀五、表示“人”的后缀六、表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀七、变动词的前缀和后缀八、其他前缀的意义九、合成法十、转换法考点归纳见学生用书P185—187一、单句填空用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。•1.(2014佛山一模)Afterthey________(continue)improvedituponearlierdesigns,thebrotherssuccessfullyreceivedapatent(专利)in1906.continuously修饰动词improved作状语，用副词。实战演练•2.(2014广州调研)Thesepoemswerewellreceived_______(local)andin1786theywerepublishedinthevolume,Poems,Chiefly…locally副词作状语，意为“在当地”。•3.(2014广州一模)Icouldn’timaginewhatitisliketoloseyourhomeandeverythingthatyouknowandthe____________(power)effectthehurricanehadonthosepeople.powerful形容词作定语修饰effect。•4.(2014惠州三模)Delighted,thecountrymouseacceptedthe_______(invite)andcametothecitymouse’shouse.invitation名词作accept的宾语。•5.(2014惠州三模)EvenifIeatnothingbutbeans,Icanlive_______(peace).peacefully副词作状语，修饰动词live。•6.(2014茂名一模)However,theworst_______(impress)isthatIwasfeelinghungryallthetime.impression作主语或说者在“冠词+形容词”之后，一定是填名词。•7.(2014茂名二模)Itookthatbeautifulmomentandstoredit_______(safe)inmysoulwhereIknewitwouldremainforever.safely修饰动词stored，故用副词。•8.(2014梅州一模)Intheeyesoftheseforeigners,Chinglishisthe_______(wonder)resultofanEnglishdictionarymixingwithChinesegrammar.wonderful修饰其后名词result，应转换成形容词wonderful，作定语。•9.(2014韶关一模)Andifyouhaveagood_______(appear)andalsooriginalorexpensiveclothestoshowoffatyourconcertsappearance名词作have的宾语，用名词。•10.(2014深圳一模)Bobwent,returnedandsaid_______(gentle),“Boss,onlyonepersonissellingwatermelon…”gently修饰谓语动词said要用副词。•11.(2014肇庆期末)Foranother,itisausefulwaytoreleasetheir_______(press).pressure作release的宾语用名词，或在形容词性物主代词后没有名词时一定要填名词。•12.(2014肇庆期末)ThereforeashighschoolstudentsoftheInformationAge,weneedtolearntomakeuseofthis_______(mean)tooltocommunicateanddisplayourselves.meaningful形容词作定语修饰后面的tool。•13.(2014佛山一模)Theyflyfaster,aremuchlarger,andhavetelevisionsetsbuiltinforpassengers_______(enjoy).enjoyment所有格后面用名词形式，或者说作介词for的宾语要用名词。•14.(2013广州一模)Withthe_______(arrive)ofspring,theDorritystookthechildrenforanouting.arrival定冠词后面是名词，arrive的名词是arrival而不是arriving。•15.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.______________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.•16.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyare__________(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.•17.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally____________(expect)way.Unfortunatelyunableunexpected•18.Iwon’tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis_______________(reason).•19.Job____________(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.•20.Allfactsarethesourceof________________(conclude).•21.However,most__________(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith_________(educate).unreasonableapplicantsconclusionsscientistseducation•22.Excellentoralandwritten_______________(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof____________(important).•23.Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily____________(require).•24.Itisyour___________(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.•25.Asisknowntousall,theEntranceExamisagreat______________,andthestudentsare____________.(compete)communica