状语从句

状语从句定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等.它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。1、时间状语从句2、地点状语从句3、原因状语从句4、目的状语从句5、结果状语从句6、条件状语从句7、方式状语从句8、让步状语从句9、比较状语从句一时间状语从句连接词while,when,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,once,assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely/barely…when,themoment,thesecond,theinstant,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirst/lasttime,bythetimedirectly,immediately,instantly等１.when/wheneverWhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。2.when/while/asWhen既可指某一点时间,也可指一段时间;Whenhereturned,hiswifewascooking.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，引导的动作必须是持续性的;Whilehewasreading,hiswifewascooking.as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。,翻译成”一边……一边……”Ashewasreading,hewaslisteningtotheradio.注意:when/while都可以做并列连词,连接并列句,when表示“就在这时”和“wasdoing”,“hadjustdone”和“wasabouttodo”连用;while则表示转折“然而”Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.Myfatherwascookingwhilemymotherwasplayingcards.3.“一……就……”1.AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.2.upon/on+arriving3.Immediately+句子4.The+时间名词(minute/moment……)+句子5.hardly…when6.nosooner…than4.连接词before\since的小结：一、含义1．Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.2．Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.3．Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4．BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.“……才”“不到……就”“趁……”“还没来得及”二．Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.三．1）句型Itwillbe/was＋段时间＋before…“过多久才……”如：Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）句型Itwillbe/wasnot＋一段时间＋before…“没多久就……”如：Itwasn’ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.3）句型Itis＋段时间＋since…时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy.Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.延续性动词:反过来翻译短暂性动词:直译5till/untilWewaitedtill(until)hecameback.我们一直等到他回来。Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.她到11点钟才停止工作。如主句动词是延续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”;如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直到…才”Notuntil句型与强调句型结合Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecameback.与倒装句式结合ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenttosleep.NotuntilhecamebackdidIgotosleep.二地点状语从句(where,everywhere,anywhere)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。Anywherehetraveled,hewasimpressedbythefriendlinessofthepeople.Where到底引导的是地点状语从句还是定语从句？1.TheWinterOlympicGamesarealwaysheldwherethereisplentyofsnow.()2.TheWinterOlympicGamesarealwaysheldinthecountrieswherethereisplentyofsnow.()地点状语从句定语从句三原因状语从句语气（强到弱)意义用法词性位置because因为强调未知原因1.回答why,2.强调句中3.与not连用4.only,simply,just5后不可再用so从属连词前,后since\nowthat既然表示已知、显然的从属连词常前as由于表示已知、显然的从属连词前,后for因为解释说明，常用于推断并列连词后其他连接词还有considering(that)考虑到seeing(that)既然inthat在…方面/因为1.Hedistrustedme___________Iwasnew.2.__________youaregoing,Iwillgo,too.3.__________it’sraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.4.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,___________thegroundiswet.5._________youhavecome,youmayaswellstay.6.__________herefusedtohelpus,thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldnowhelphim.7.Ilikethecity,butIlikethecountrybetter___________Ihavemorefriendsinthecountry.becauseSinceAsforNowthatSeeingthatinthat四条件状语从句连接词：If(如果),unless(除非)(if---not),aslongas,solongas,onconditionthat,(只要)suppose/supposing(that),provided/providing(that),(假如)onlyif(只要),incase(万一),given(thefact)that……(倘若考虑到…)注意点：1.分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldaskthepoliceforhelp.2.条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时练习1.Shorthairstylesmakethefacelooklonger,especially___________therearecurlsonthetop.2.Lifecontinues___________thedamagedonetothebodyistoosevere.3.Thereishope__________lifecontinues.4.I’llcome______________Johnisinvited,too.5.________thematchiscancelled,whatcanwedofortheweekend?ifunlessaslongasIncaseonconditionthat在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。If从句主句与现在事实不符与过去事实不符与将来事实不符过去时didbe动词用were过去完成时haddone过去时did/shoulddo/weretodowould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+do(五)结果状语从句sothat,so…that,such…that(六)目的状语从句sothat,such…that,inorderthat,lest(以免),incase和forfearthat(以防)区分sothat引导的是目的状语从句（有might,may,can,could,should等情态动词）还是结果状语从句e.g.1)Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.()2)Hegotonthetrainlatesothathefoundalltheseatsoccupied.()目的状语从句结果状语从句(七)方式状语从句可用虚拟asif,asthough,(好象.仿佛)as(像,犹如,正如…,theway…）(just)as…so正如…1．Itlooks_______itisgoingtorain.2.Thechildtalks_________hewereaman.3.Iwantyoutotellthemyourexperienceexactlyasyouhavetoldittome.4.theway(that/inwhich)…e.g.Payattentiontoyourtablemanners.Idon’tlikethewayyoueatsoup.asifasif5.e.g.Aswateristofish,soairistomen.八让步状语从句though,although,as,while,evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatter+wh-,whether…or…（不管/不论…还是）,inspiteof/despite(thefactthat）1.Whetherthelanguageislearnedquicklyorslowly,itishardwork.2.Somethinginsideyourbodyisalwaysgoingonwhetheryouareawareofitornot.1.though,although,as和while引导的让步状语从句注意点1)．不能用but，但可以用still,yet,nevertheless2).though能与even连用，但although不可以3)．Though引导的让步状语从句可顺装也可倒装Although只可以顺装as只能倒装e.g.Cleverthough/asheis,hecan’tlearnalanguageinaweek.=Although/Thoughheisclever,…4).while用法同although,但while只能放于句首，且不可以倒装。2.nomatterwh-与wh-ever的联系及区别：nomatterwh-只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。如:Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,heshouldbein