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20101261()JournalofShenyangJianzhuUniversity(NaturalScience)Jan.2010Vol.26,No.1:2009-06-01:(20072012):(1957),,,,.:1671-2021(2010)01-0150-06杨维1,高雅玲1,康志勇2,李仁峰2,王硕1(1,110168;2,114002):了解毗邻铁矿的千山景区土壤重金属污染状况,为景区的环境治理和铁矿的排污规范提供数据基础和科学依据.采用基于重金属质量浓度和毒性的双权重内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤质量进行评价.采矿场周边区域重金属均未超标,属于安全区轻微潜在危害级;排岩场和尾矿库周边土壤Pb含量明显偏高,尽管属于轻微的潜在危害级,但内梅罗评价结果为警戒区,土壤存在恶化趋势;尾矿库至五佛顶区域属中重度污染区,Cd的单项潜在生态危害系数达到了强危害水平,且土壤各重金属有效态含量高于其他区域,植被生长受损症状已经凸显.铁矿开采产生的重金属等有毒物质通过多种途径进入周边环境,已经对与之毗邻的千山景区土壤及植被造成了影响.:;;;;;:X53:A,,,.[1-5],,[6-7][8-9][10-12],.(1),4A,,,.,PbCdCuZn,,.1.19km2,-180m,,245km2,21.t,,,0~20cm,.,,GPS.1,400m,300m,400m,1500m.PbCdCuZn.26:151MicrosoftExcel,MAPGIS.1221(GB15618-1995),,,.,(1),.1/(mgkg-1)TifiPb3554Cd02302Cu3554Zn1001622221,,.,,..:P=(F2max+F2)2,(1):Fmax=Fmax+Fw2;Fmax=max{Ci/Si};F=ni=1Ci/Sin,i=1,2,,n.Fw(max(Wi))CiSi;Cii;Sii;FCi/Si;FmaxCi/Si;222,,[13]152()26,,,.Hakanson(1),,[14].(1)Fmax..f1,fmaxfi,Rii,Wi=Rini=1Ri,(2)Ri=fmaxfi,(3):Wii,ni=1Wi=1.23,,,[15],.RI=ni=1Ei=ni=1TiCi/Si,(4):RI;Ei;Ti(1);(1),2.2EiRIEiRIEi40RI15040Ei80150RI30080Ei160300RI600160Ei320RI600Ei320331pHpH3.5[16],(pH50)(pH50~65)(pH65~75)(pH75~85)(pH85),,,,.3pHpH6.8~7.36.1~6.55.0~6.55.6~6.132,(1)4.4[17],P07,07P1,.,,,.,,,,Pb,.26:153,,,,,,,.4mg/kg(Pb)(Cd)(Cu)(Zn)P7.0~19.40(12.37)0.102~0.120(0.110)17.6~20.0(19.13)64.0~88.4(78.83)0.45~0.70(0.50)0.042~0.045(0.044)1.09~1.21(1.12)1.38~1.46(1.42)0.56~0.67(0.62)33.6~41.2(37.7)0.095~0.100(0.098)8.5~12.8(10.4)76.4~98.1(84.5)1.42~2.58(1.94)0.070~0.083(0.074)1.37~1.69(1.57)2.34~3.12(2.84)0.71~0.75(0.73)24.6~56.4(41.2)0.074~0.079(0.077)13.9~14.6(14.2)50.2~68.3(57.5)0.45~2.821.290.036~0.046(0.040)1.00~1.83(1.30)1.02~4.25(2.11)0.70~0.87(0.77)3.9~63.9(23.2)0.569~0.927(0.748)38.4~48.6(43.3)67.6~269.4(151.5)1.93~12.79(4.65)0.064~0.307(0.198)6.53~17.05(8.77)5.33~19.51(12.28)2.20~3.57(2.94):(),.335.(2),;,Cd,,Cd.5Eir(Pb)Eir(Cd)Eir(Cu)Eir(Zn)RI1.00~2.77(1.77)15.30~18.00(16.50)2.51~2.86(2.72)0.64~0.88(0.79)2.85~23.27(21.78)4.80~5.89(5.39)14.25~15.00(14.65)1.22~1.83(1.49)0.76~0.98(0.84)21.89~23.09(22.37)3.51~8.06(5.88)11.10~11.85(11.50)1.99~2.09(2.03)0.50~0.68(0.58)17.69~21.64(19.99)0.56~9.13(3.32)85.35~139.05(112.20)5.49~6.94(6.18)0.68~2.69(1.51)92.97~149.85(123.22):().4,,Cd,2647%,PbCuZn,3~6,.,,,(12~14)(11)(10),,,,,154()26,,,,,.4(1),,,;Pb,Pb,;Pb,CdCuZn,CdCuZn3.(2),,.,Cd,Cd,.,,,.(3),,PbCdCuZn24~9327~49,56~7843~86,4,26~3909~1712~1515~20,,.:[1]NicholsonFA,SmithSR,AllowayBJ,eta.lAninventoryofheavymetalsinputstoagriculturalsoilsinEnglandandWales[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironmen,t2003,311:205-219.[2]ColganA,HankardPK,SpurgeonDJ,eta.lClosingtheloop:aspatialanalysistolinkobservedenvironmentaldamagetopredictedheavymetalemissions[J].EnvironmentalToxicologyandChemistry,2003,22:970-976.[3]MartinJAR,AriasML,CorbiJMG.HeavymetalscontentsinAgriculturaltopsoilsintheErbobasin(Spain).Applicationofthemultivariategeoestatisticalmethodstostudyspatialvariations[J].EnvironmentalPollution,2006,144:1001-1012.[4]SoderstromM.Modelinglocalheavymetaldistribution:astudyofchromiuminsoilandwheatatferrochromesmelterinsouthwesternSweden[J].ActaAgricultureScandinavia,1998,48:2-10.[5]GilC,BoludaR,RamosJ.Determinationandevaluationofcadmium,leadandnickelingreenhousesoilsofAlmeria(Spain)[J].Chemosphere,2004,55:1027-1034.[6],,,.[J].,2003,16(4):4-6.(FangShibo,PanJianjun,YangWunian,eta.lInvestigationandassessmentonpollutionofsoilheavymetalsinNanjing[J].UrbanEnvironment&UrbanEcology,2003,16(4):4-6.)[7],.[J].,2006,34(3):109-112.(YinLeipeng,ZhaoJingbo.StudyonsurveyandevaluationofheavymetalpollutionofsurfacesoilinmainsuburbsofXianCity[J].JournalofShanxiNormalUniversity,2006,34(3):109-112.)[8],,,.[J].,2007,28(2):238-242.(ShiGuitao,ChenZhenlou,XuShiyuan,eta.lCharacteristicsofheavymetalpollutioninsoilanddustofurbanparksinShanghai[J].ChineseJournalofEnvironmeantalScience,2007,28(2):238-242.)[9],,.[J].,2009,22(1):20-21.(WangXuefeng,WangYuge,WangKeya.HeavymetalpollutioninsoilsofXinxiangUrbanParks[J].UrbanEnvironment&UrbanEcology,2009,22(1):20-21.)[10],,,.[J].,2006,37(6):1212-1217.(LongAnhua,LiuJianjun,NiCaiying,eta.lAssessmentonthecharacteristicofheavymetalscontaminatedfarmandsoilaroundGuixiSmelteryJiangxiProvince[J].ChineseJournalofSoilScience,2006,37(6):1212-1217.)[11],,.[J].,2008,29(2):923-928.(MengFe,iLiuMin,ShiTongguang.Evaluationon26:155environmentalqualityofheavymetalsinagriculturalsoilsofShanghai[J].EnvironmentalScience,2008,29(2):923-928.)[12],,.[J].,2004,36(6):631-635.(AnZhonghua,DongYuanhua,AnQiong.EvaluationandGradingofSoilEnvironmentalQualityofFarmlandsSomewhereinSouthJiangsu[J].Soils,2004,36(6):631-635.)[13],,,.[J].,2006,22(4):53-55.(MaChengyou,CaoJianfeng,JiangJiy,ieta.lApplicationofimprovedNemerowindexmethodtoevaluationofgroundwaterqualityinPanshiCity[J].WaterResourcesProtection,2006,22(4):53-55.)[14],,,.[J].,2007,38(1):101-105.(DouLe,iZhouYongzhang,WangXur,ieta.lImprovementandapplicationofafuzzymathematicalmodelforassessmentofheavymetalpollutioninsoil[J].ChineseJournalofSoilScience,2007,38(1):101-105.)[15].[M].:,1978.(InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofS