Rabindranath Tagore(泰戈尔)

RabindranathTagoreFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia(RedirectedfromTagore,Rabindranath)Jumpto:navigation,searchRabindranathTagoreRabindranathTagoreinKolkata,c.1915Born7May1861CalcuttaDied7August1941(aged80)CalcuttaOccupationpoet,playwright,philosopher,composer,artistWritingperiodBengalRenaissanceNotableaward(s)NobelPrizeinLiterature(1913)Influenced[show]SignatureTagoreredirectshere.Forotheruses,seeTagore(disambiguation).RabindranathTagore(help·info)α[›](Bengali:রবীন্দ্রনাথঠাকুর,β[›]IPA:[ɾobindɾonatʰʈʰakuɾ](help·info))(7May1861–7August1941),γ[›]alsoknownbythesobriquetGurudev,δ[›]wasaBengalipoet,Brahmoreligionist,visualartist,playwright,novelist,andcomposerwhoseworksreshapedBengaliliteratureandmusicinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.HebecameAsia'sfirstNobellaureate[1]whenhewonthe1913NobelPrizeinLiterature.APiraliBrahmin[2][3][4]fromCalcutta,Bengal,Tagorefirstwrotepoemsattheageofeight.Attheageofsixteen,hepublishedhisfirstsubstantialpoetryunderthepseudonymBhanushingho(SunLion)andwrotehisfirstshortstoriesanddramasin1877.InlaterlifeTagoreprotestedstronglyagainsttheBritishRajandgavehissupporttotheIndianIndependenceMovement.Tagore'slifeworkendures,intheformofhispoetryandtheinstitutionhefounded,Visva-BharatiUniversity.Tagorewrotenovels,shortstories,songs,dance-dramas,andessaysonpoliticalandpersonaltopics.Gitanjali(SongOfferings),Gora(Fair-Faced),andGhare-Baire(TheHomeandtheWorld)areamonghisbest-knownworks.Hisverse,shortstories,andnovels,whichoftenexhibitedrhythmiclyricism,colloquiallanguage,meditativenaturalism,andphilosophicalcontemplation,receivedworldwideacclaim.TagorewasalsoaculturalreformerandpolymathwhomodernisedBengaliartbyrejectingstricturesbindingittoclassicalIndianforms.TwosongsfromhiscanonarenowthenationalanthemsofBangladeshandIndia:theAmarShonarBanglaandtheJanaGanaManarespectively.Contents[hide]1Earlylife(1861–1901)2Twilightyears(1932–1941)3Travels4Workso4.1Novelsandnon-fictiono4.2Musicandartworko4.3Theatricalpieceso4.4Shortstorieso4.5Poetry5Politicalviews6Impactandlegacy7Bibliography(partial)8Seealso9Notes10Citations11Timeline12References13Furtherreading14Externallinks[edit]Earlylife(1861–1901)Mainarticle:LifeofRabindranathTagore(1861–1901)Tagorein1879,whenhewasstudyinginEngland.Tagore(nicknamedRabi)wasborntheyoungestofthirteensurvivingchildrenintheJorasankomansioninCalcutta(nowKolkata,India)ofparentsDebendranathTagore(1817-1905)andSaradaDevi(1830-1875).ε[›][5]TheTagorefamilyweretheBrahmofoundingfathersoftheAdiDharmfaith.Afterundergoinghisupanayanatageeleven,TagoreandhisfatherleftCalcuttaon14February1873totourIndiaforseveralmonths,visitinghisfather'sSantiniketanestateandAmritsarbeforereachingtheHimalayanhillstationofDalhousie.There,Tagorereadbiographies,studiedhistory,astronomy,modernscience,andSanskrit,andexaminedtheclassicalpoetryofKālidāsa.[6][7]In1877,herosetonotabilitywhenhecomposedseveralworks,includingalongpoemsetintheMaithilistylepioneeredbyVidyapati.Asajoke,hemaintainedthatthesewerethelostworksofBhānusiṃha,anewlydiscovered17th-centuryVaiṣṇavapoet.[8]HealsowroteBhikharini(1877;TheBeggarWoman—theBengalilanguage'sfirstshortstory)[9][10]andSandhyaSangit(1882)—includingthefamouspoemNirjharerSwapnabhanga(TheRousingoftheWaterfall).TagoreandhiswifeMrinaliniDeviin1883.Seekingtobecomeabarrister,TagoreenrolledatapublicschoolinBrighton,Englandin1878.HestudiedlawatUniversityCollegeLondon,butreturnedtoBengalin1880withoutadegree.On9December1883hemarriedMrinaliniDevi(bornBhabatarini,1873–1900);theyhadfivechildren,twoofwhomlaterdiedbeforereachingadulthood.[11]In1890,Tagorebeganmanaginghisfamily'sestatesinShilaidaha,aregionnowinBangladesh;hewasjoinedbyhiswifeandchildrenin1898.KnownasZamindarBabu,Tagoretraveledacrossthevastestatewhilelivingoutofthefamily'sluxuriousbarge,thePadma,tocollect(mostlytoken)rentsandblessvillagers;inreturn,appreciativevillagersheldfeastsinhishonour.[12]Theseyears,whichcomposedTagore'sSadhanaperiod(1891–1895;namedforoneofTagore’smagazines),wereamonghismostfecund.Duringthisperiod,morethanhalfthestoriesofthethree-volumeandeighty-four-storyGalpaguchchhawerewritten.[9]Withironyandemotionalweight,theydepictedawiderangeofBengalilifestyles,particularlyvillagelife.[13]Tagore,photographedinHampstead,Englandin1912byJohnRothenstein.In1901,TagoreleftShilaidahaandmovedtoSantiniketan(WestBengal)tofindanashram,whichwouldgrowtoincludeamarble-flooredprayerhall(TheMandir),anexperimentalschool,grovesoftrees,gardens,andalibrary.[14]There,Tagore'swifeandtwoofhischildrendied.Hisfatherdiedon19January1905,andhebeganreceivingmonthlypaymentsaspartofhisinheritance.HereceivedadditionalincomefromtheMaharajaofTripura,salesofhisfamily'sjewellery,hisseasidebungalowinPuri,andmediocreroyalties(Rs.2,000)fromhisworks.[15]Bynow,hisworkwasgaininghimalargefollowingamongBengaliandforeignreadersalike,andhepublishedsuchworksasNaivedya(1901)andKheya(1906)whiletranslatinghispoemsintofreeverse.On14November1913,Tagorelearnedthathehadwonthe1913NobelPrizeinLiterature.AccordingtotheSwedishAcademy,itwasgivenduetotheidealisti