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Grammar非谓语动词非谓语动词功能比较todo的复合结构-ingform的复合结构非谓语动词的否定式-ingform与pp的区别`主语表语宾语定语补语状语todo-ingformpp非谓语动词功能比较eg.Ilikeskating,butIdon’tliketoskatetoday.Playingwithfireisdangerous.Lookout！Toplaywithfireisdangerous.eg.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.主语、表语、宾语1.todo表示具体的动作，-ingform表示泛指的动作。2.“thereisno+主语”句型中，多用-ingform.eg.Heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow.Heattendedthemeetingheldyesterday.Hewillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2.表示被修饰词的内容时，用todo.eg.Shehasastrongwishtogotocollege.1.从时态上看，-ingform表示正在进行的动作pp表示已经完成的动作，todo表示将来的动作。定语eg.Ifoundhimcookingsupper.IfoundsuppercookedwhenIgothome.Itistrue—IsawHenrycooksupper.-ingform与宾语为主动关系，强调动作正在进行；pp与宾语为被动关系，强调动作已经完成；todo只单纯表示一个事实，强调动作的全过程。补语作状语时的区别：-ingform,pp表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,eg.theyworkedhardtopayforthenecklace.Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.Iamgladtoseeyou.todo表示1.目的;2.结果—表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。3.原因—表示造成情感变化的原因。目的结果原因非谓语动词的否定形式Not+todo/-ingformHedecidednottodoit.Shewishednevertoseehimagain.Ifancyithasdoneyoualotofgoodnotgoing.NotseeingJohn,Iaskedwherehewas.Nothavingdoneitright,Itriedagain.-ingform与pp的区别-ingform表示主动，正在进行,pp表示被动，已经完成作表语时或定语时，-ingform表示“令人”,pp表示“感到”，常见的有下列感官动词：move,surprise,astonish,delight,comfort,disappoint,puzzle,frighten下列表示关系的词用EDSeatedin(on)坐在located坐落stationed驻防dressed打扮hidden藏在related关系1.Hewashiddenunderthedesk.2.Dressedlikealawyer,shecametothecourt.3.StationedinHongkong,agroupofPLAmenfollowedHongKongcustoms.4.Seatedatthebackoftheclassroom,helistenedtotheteachercarefully.5.Locatedontheseashore,thebuildinglookspretty.1.Thestorywas___,wewereall____.A.moving,movingB.moved,movedC.moving,movedD.moved,moving2.Thereisa___expressiononhisface.Maybetheproblemistoodifficultforhim.A.puzzledB.puzzlingC.puzzleD.topuzzle3.Withhissontoo___,thefatherwassad.A.disappointedB.disappointing1.Icouldfeelthewind_onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.blownD.tobeblowing2.We’llmeetMr.Black,___asafamousscientist.A.knowingB.tobeknownC.knownD.beingknown3.___moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.A.GivingB.TogiveC.GivenD.Tobegiven4.Ayoungman__novelscametousyesterday.A.towriteB.writingC.writtenD.wrote5.Allthethings_,hisproposalisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.consideredB.consideringC.considerD.toconsider6.__Sunday,thestudentsareathome.A.BeingB.TobeC.ItisD.Itbeing.-ingform的复合结构1.形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ingform2.代词宾格/名词+ingform↗主语→表语↘宾语→宾语1.Doyoumindopeningthedoor?2.Goingtheresavedusagooddealoftrouble.3.Beinglateagainmadetheteacherangry.→Doyoumindme/myopening…→Tom’sgoingtheresavedusagood…→Hisbeinglateagainmade…说出-ingform动作的执行者时，须用复合结构1.Sarah,hurryup.Iamafraidyouwon’thavetimeto__beforetheparty.AgetchangedBgetchangeCgetchangingDgettochange2.whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroduced3.”Wecannotgooutinthisweather”saidBob,__outofwindow.AlookingBtolookClookedDhavinglooked4.Helenhadtoshout__abovethesoundofthemusic.AmakingherselfhearBtomakeherselfhearCmakingherselfheardDtomakeherselfheard5.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV,therearepictures__inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.AtoformBformCformingDhavingformed6.Alicereturnedfromthemanager’soffice__methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.AhavingtoldBtellsCtotellDtelling7.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen__atthemeetingbymyboss.AquestioningBhavingquestionedCquestionedDtobequestioned8.Myadvisorencouraged__asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.AformetakingBmetakingCformetakeCmetotake9.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman__hishandintothepocketofapassenger.AputBtobeputtingCtoputDputting10.AccordingtoarecentUSsurvey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek__TV.AtowatchBtowatchingCwatchingDwatch11.Theflowers__sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.AtosmellBsmellingCsmeltDtobesmelt12.Don’tleavethewater__whileyoubrushyourteeth.ArunBrunningCbeingrunDtorun13.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents___.AworriedBtoworryCworryingDworry