乘用车动力总成的发展趋势-姜宏

1Dr.JiangHong姜宏博士CAIT汽车产业与技术研究会第四次研讨会Beijing,July30,2015北京，2015年7月30日PCPOWERTRAINTRENDS乘用车动力总成的发展趋势2Transmission变速箱ElectricMotor电机Battery电池ControlsSoftwareandFunctions控制软件与功能InternalCombustionEngine发动机5ELEMENTSOFTHEPOWERTRAIN动力总成五大件3Infrastructure基础设施ProductionBoundaries生产边界条件CustomerDemands客户需求BOUNDARIESFORPCPOWERTRAINS乘用车动力总成的边界条件4EU2020:95Japan2020:105China2020:11790110130150170190210230250270200020052010201520202025GramsCO2perkilometer,normalizedtoNEDCNEDC标准工况下每公里CO2排量克数US-LDVCalifornia-LDVCanada-LDVEUJapanChinaS.KoreaAustraliaSoliddotsandlines:historicalperformanceSoliddotsanddashedlines:enactedtargetsSoliddotsanddottedlines:proposedtargetsHollowdotsanddottedlines:unannouncedproposal[1]China‘stargetreflectsgasolinefleetscenario.Ifincludingotherfueltypes,thetargetwillbelower中国目标为汽油车队数据，如包括其他燃油型号，则目标略低.[2]USandCanadalight-dutyvehiclesincludelight-commercialvehicles.美国和加拿大：轻型车，包括轻型商务车USPC2025:91EU2025:70**RecommendationEuropeanParliamentSource:ICCT,February2012,全球CO2限排预测5ExpectedChinaFuelConsumptionregulationsofStageFour预期的中国第四阶段油耗法规TargetofCAFÉPhase3:6.9L/100km三阶段油耗目标值6.9L/100km6NextstepsEC/JRC:EC/JRC步骤：•DefinitionofPEMSboundaries(temperature,idling,altitude,inclination,…)定义PEMS边界条件（温度、怠速、海拔、倾斜···）•Beginningof2013:Screeningofsmallfleet2013年初：小批车队筛查•PEMSmethodologytobedefineduntilmid2013将在2013年中期前定义PEMS方法•DefinitionhowECwillsurveyISC(inadditiontoOEMtests)定义EC如何研究ISC（除了OEM试验以外）EUROPEANEMISSIONLEGISLATIONPASSENGERCARS欧洲排放法规-乘用车7RelativeLoad,%EngineSpeed,rpm5001000150020002500300035004000020406080100120140160180200Lastkollektiv:alleRDE0500100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500nmot(1/min)rl(%)020406080100120140160180200NEDCRelativeLoad,%EngineSpeed,rpm5001000150020002500300035004000020406080100120140160180200Lastkollektiv:alleRDE0500100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500nmot(1/min)rl(%)020406080100120140160180200WLTPLastkollektiv:alleRDE0500100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500nmot(1/min)rl(%)020406080100120140160180200100km/hdynamicDriverRelativeLoad,%EngineSpeed,rpm5001000150020002500300035004000020406080100120140160180200RDEPEMSLastkollektiv:alleRDE0500100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500nmot(1/min)rl(%)020406080100120140160180200100km/hmoderateDriverENGINESPEED/LOADDISTRIBUTIONEXAMPLESOFREALWORLDDRIVINGVS.TEST发动机转速/负荷分配-现实工况行驶VS.试验的例子8RealWorldDriving实际驾驶情况MAINDEMANDSONFUTUREAUTOMOTIVEPOWERTRAINSYSTEMS未来动力总成系统的关键要求CHALLENGES:挑战tomakestochasticeventsreproducible使随机事件具有可重复性toobjectifysubjectiveparameters使主观参数客观化VehicleSpeed车速RandomDrivingProfile随机驾驶曲线9VehicleSpeed车速TimeSEGMENTATIONOFDRIVINGPROFILES&驾驶曲线的分段FICATIONOFRELEVANTELEMENTSSOLUTION:解决方案Segmentationinto“FiniteDriveElements”划分为若干“有限驾驶元素”RandomDrivingProfile随机驾驶曲线10VehicleSpeed车速TimeRandomDrivingProfile随机驾驶曲线SEGMENTATIONOFDRIVINGPROFILES&IDENTIFICATIONOFRELEVANTELEMENTS驾驶曲线的分段及其相关性的确定Identificationofrelevantelements“EVENTFINDER”确定元素的相关性“事件查找器”Relevance:相关性high高low低DriveElement驾驶元素11Drivability驾驶性Emission排放Efficiency效率NVHComfortNVH舒适性VehicleSpeed车速TimeEVENT-FINDER事件查找器RandomDrivingProfile随机驾驶曲线Relevance:相关性high高low低DriveElement驾驶元素SEGMENTATIONOFDRIVINGPROFILES&IDENTIFICATIONOFRELEVANTELEMENTS驾驶曲线的分段及其相关性的确定12ASSESSMENTPLATFORMFOREMISSION,EFFICIENCY,DRIVEABILITY&COMFORT排放、效率、驾驶性与舒适性的评估平台DRIVEV4.0Efficiency效率ETA-%23,5Emission排放RDE-CF0,90,61,4DRIVEDR评分DR7,2Voice声学VR9,313DataSource:IHSSHAREOFTRANSMISSIONTYPES不同型式变速箱的市场份额14Vehicle/EngineSpeed整车/发动机转速Time时间VehicleSpeed车速EngineSpeed发动机转速PREFERREDTRANSMISSIONCHARACTERISTICSDETERMINESICE对变速箱特性的倾向性对发动机起决定性作用15Vehicle/EngineSpeed整车/发动机转速Time时间EngineSpeed发动机转速VehicleSpeed车速EngineTorque发动机扭矩EngineSpeed发动机转速EngineTorque发动机扭矩PREFERREDTRANSMISSIONCHARACTERISTICSDETERMINESICE对变速箱特性的倾向性对发动机起决定性作用16EngineTorque发动机扭矩EngineSpeed发动机转速EngineTorque发动机扭矩ChargedEngines增压发动机•Diesel柴油•GDI–Turbo汽油直喷涡轮增压•Highpeakpressure较高峰值压力compromisedfriction摩擦特性妥协•LoadshiftpreferablybyDownsizing(andDownspeeding)通过小型化（降转速）优先负荷转移•Variablevalveactuation可变气门驱动•(Miller/AtkinsonCycle米勒/阿特金森循环)PREFERREDTRANSMISSIONCHARACTERISTICSDETERMINESICE对变速箱特性的倾向性对发动机起决定性作用17EngineSpeed发动机转速Vehicle/EngineSpeed整车/发动机转速Time时间VehicleSpeed车速PREFERREDTRANSMISSIONCHARACTERISTICS–JAPAN/KOREA日韩市场的发动机特性18Vehicle/EngineSpeed整车/发动机转速Time时间VehicleSpeed车速EngineSpeedcustomersdemandsenable“soft“transmissioncharacteristics鉴于客户需求，采用“柔顺”的变速箱特性GasolineNAenginepreferredICE优先选择自然吸气（NA）汽油机EngineTorque发动机扭矩EngineSpeed发动机转速EngineTorque发动机扭矩PREFERREDTRANSMISSIONCHARACTERISTICS–JAPAN/KOREA日韩市场的发动机特性19customersdemandsenable“soft“transmissioncharacteristics鉴于客户需求，采用“柔顺”的变速箱特性GasolineNAenginepreferredICE优先选择NA汽油机EngineTorque发动机扭矩EngineSpeed发动机转速EngineTorque发动机扭矩GasolineEngine汽油机•Naturallyaspirated自然吸气•Highcompressionratio高压缩比•Lowpeakpressureoptimizedfriction低峰值压力摩擦优化•Variablevalveactuation可变气门驱动•Miller/Atkinsoncycle米勒/阿特金森循环•LoadshiftbyDown-speedingbyCVT/AMTwithextendeddriveratio通过CVT/AMT增大传动比，降转速，实现负荷转移PREFERREDTRANSMISSIONCHARACTERISTICSDETER