,2010(1)21。,、、。21,,。,《》[1]。“”21,。,。2050“”,,。[2],。,3000m,。,2019。NautilusNeptune[3],。,,。1、[4],:、、,。,4000~6000m,、、、(1.00%、0.22%、1.30%、25.0%)。1×1011t,CC、、。,,2500m。。,[5]。、、、、(3.3%、5.5%~40%、3%~23%、1.4~55g/t、42~,(,410012):。、,,,。:;;;;:P744:B12,2010(1)129g/t)。1.4×109t。,,,,。400~4000m、、、、、(17%、23%、0.7%、0.48%、1.2%)。6.35×106km2,1010t。、。。,。1.8×1011~2.1×1011m3,、,21;,、、,,,。22.1[6],、、6000m,、、、,。2060,,。,:、、。,:、(CLB)、、。1960[7],、。,。,。,。,,,。,,,2004[8],。60,70,。、、,、,、,,70。1972,,。、。,。,2006[9],,,,。70[10],KENNECOTT、OMI、OMAOMCO。、、。,。13,2010(1),,,。KENNECOTT1978-,5000m。(OMA)19782×104t-,22h,500t。(OMI)1978-,:、、、、。40h,5200m800t。(OM-CO)6×104t5000m-。(AFERNOD)1972-,1976。19841989。Preussag1979,2200m。、、,、。,。195.1h,15780m3,。60,,80-,90。1987199079m,7.2t/h。(NIO)Siegen1996、2003。、,,500m。(IOM)2001[11],(2010),,。,、、、。,IOM。(KORDI)1993[12],-,,、。NautilusMinerals“solwara1”[13],20101700m,Nautilus2007,、1800m、、、(1)。6000t/d[14]。Nautilus“”。NeptuneMinerals“Trident”[15],14,2010(1)。2007NeptuneTecnip、,(2)。、、、、,120m~1800m[16]。Neptune“Trident”,2011。1991[17],“”、“”、“”,、。(COMRA),、,“--”,。(3)、、。2001,、、。130m,,。,1000m。,、,。“”,,,、、、、、、、、(4)。,。,,,。1Nautilus2NeptuneAirLiftRiserAirLiftRiserDPProductionSupportVesselWorkClassROVProductionRiserGrabberSMSCrusherSMSJumpersSeabedMiningToolGravityBase15,2010(1),、,,。,,,。2.2,,,,,。,,、、。[18],70、,、、。80,,、。,。,。“”、、3、、、,。“”,,。“”、、。1000m。34荦-6000m荦-5100m荦-400m荦-800m荦0-荦16,2010(1),。2.3,,。6000m,、、、,、、。。[19],:、()、、。,、、、。,,。,,。,,。“”、,,、、。,1000m。2.4,、、,。,、,。,、,。OMI[20],5×108,8.53×107/。2010[21],200610,NautilusJanDeNul(,)。“JulesVerne”,191m,24000t,2009,Nau-tilus。“”20,、。,。2.5,,、、,、、、。,、。3,,,,,,,,。17,2010(1),,,,。,。,,,。,。,,15。,。:[1].[M].:,2006.[2]JohnEHalkyard.StatusofLiftSystemsforPolymetal-licNoduleMining[C].ProceedingsoftheWorkshoponPolymetallicNoduleMiningTechnology-CurrentStatusandChallengesAhead,Chennai,India,Febru-ary18-22,2008.[3].[J].,2007,9:62-65.[4][5].[EB/OL].[6]TheIntemationalSeabedAuthority(ISA).BACK-GROUNDDOCUMENTofWorkshoponPolymetal-licNoduleMiningTechnologyCurrentStatusandChallengesAhead[C].ProceedingsoftheWorkshoponPolymetallicNoduleMiningTechnologyCurrentStatusandChallengesAhead,Chennai,India,Febru-ary18-22,2008.[7].[J].,2006,26(10):40-48.[8]YOON,GilSu.Collectingandliftingmethodsofman-ganeseandminingdevice.KR,PCT/KR2005/000152[P].2005-01-15.[9],,.[P].,200610023636.3,2006-01-26.[10],.[J].,2000,20(1):1-4.[11]R.Kotlinski,V.Stoyanova,H.Hamrak,A.Avramov.Anoverviewoftheinteroceanmetal(IOM)deepseatechnologydevelopment(miningandprocessing)[C].ProceedingsoftheWorkshoponPolymetallicNoduleMiningTechnologyCurrentStatusandChallengesAhead,Chennai,India,February18-22,2008.[12]SupHong,Hyung-WooKimetal.AWaytoAccom-plishtheMiningTechnologyforPolymetallicNod-ules[C].ProceedingsoftheWorkshoponPoly-metallicNoduleMiningTechnologyCurrentStatusandChallengesAhead,Chennai,India,February18-22,2008.[13]MaggieL.Merrill.ThefutureisnowforDeepSeaMining[J].MarineTechnologyReporter,2007,Jan-uary:22-29.[14][EB/OL].[15]NeptuneMinerals.OceansofOpportunityinMiner-alsExploration:NeptuneMineralsAnnualReport[R].NeptuneMinerals,2008.[16][EB/OL].[17]“”[R].:,2007.[18].[R].:,2000.[19],.[J].,2006,26(3):1-5.[20]JamesMcFarlane.Analysisofminingtechnologiesdevelopedinthe1970sand1980s[C].ProceedingsoftheWorkshoponPolymetallicNoduleMiningTech-nologyCurrentStatusandChallengesAhead,Chen-nai,India,February18-22,2008.[21]JohnChadwick.Examinesunderseaminingtech-niquesbeingdevelopedforNautilusMineralsandNeptuneMineralsastheyrushtominemassiveseafloorsulphidedeposits,andlooksattheinnova-tionsofSubseaMinerals[J].IntemationalMining,2008,May:20-23.18