Stories from Shakespeare

NAMEWilliamShakespeareOCCUPATIONPlaywright,Poet(Sonnet),actor,theRenaissancehumanistsynthesizerAGEApril23,1564——April23,1616BirthplacethetownofStratford-upon-Avon,Warwickshire,EnglandWIFEAnneHathawayBiographyofShakespeare:Experience①By1592,earnedalivingasanactorandaplaywrightinLondon.②By1597,buythehouseNewPlace③By1599,builtthetheaterGlobe.④1610，returnedtoNewPlaceOthersAlthoughhewaswelleducatedheneverwenttoacollege.SomecriticsarguesthathemightbeaGay.“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。——马克思他不属于一个时代，而属于一切时代。——本·琼生Comedies＆HistoriesTragedies＆Tragicomedies“TheMerchantofVenice”“AMidsummer’sDream”“TwelfthNight”“AsYouLikeIt”“Hamlet”“Othello““KingLear”“MacBeth”“RichardIIHenryVI“HenryVCymbelineTheWinter'sTaleTheTempest“RomeoandJulietWORKSDefinitionofComedy＆TragedyToday,acomedyisaplay,inwhichthestoryandthepeopleareamusing,andamusing,andwhichendshappily.InShakespeare’stime,aplaywithahappyendingisacomedy,butthehappeningsintheplayneedn’tallbeamusing,andthecharactersmaybefarawayfromfunny.Thehappyendingisforthecharactersweareexpectedtolike.Atragedyisaseriousplaythatendssadly,especiallyonethatonethatendswiththedeathofthemaincharacterorcharacters.TheMerchantofVeniceAntonio:averygoodVenicemerchantShylock:ameanJewishmerchantBassanio:agoodfriendofAntonioPotia:awisewealthywoman,Bassabio’swifetypicalofShakespeare’sheroinesGratiano:acleverman,aservantandfriendofBassanioBorrowmoneyproposeTheMerchantofVenicetalksabouttheaffarisbetweenBassanio,Portia,ShylockandAntonio.BassanioisfriendswithAntonio,heneededmoneytogoproposetoPortia,anddecidedtoborrowfromAntonio.Antonio,tosatisfyhisfriend,borrowedthemoneyfromaJewishmerchantShylock,andthoughthewouldbeabletopayitbackassoonashisnextshiparrivesinport.Withthisbelieve,hemadeadealwithShylockthatifthemoneywasn'treturned,Shylockwouldbeallowedtocutout1poundoffleshoutofhisbody.BassaniosuccessfullywontheloveofPortiabymakingtherightchoiceofboxesbetweenthegold,silverandleader.Meanwhile,AntoniocouldnotpaythemoneybacktoShylockontime.becausehisshipswerecaughtinstorm.BassanioreturnedtoVeniceasfastashecouldandattendedatrial.Portia,pretendingtobeayounglawyer,claimedthatthepropositionsaid1poundoffleshnot1poundoffleshandbloodandsaidthatShylockisonlyallowedtoremoveflesh,butnotanyblood,whichisimpossible.Thus,endingthetrialandeveryonelivedhappilyeverafter.PersonalView:Mercyfallslikethegentlerainfromtheskyupontheearth.Iblesshimwhogivesit,andhimwhoreceivesit.Kingshavemercyinthehearts.AndGodhasmercy,hehadmercyuponus,weallprayGodtomercy,soweshouldshowmercytoothers.——Potia.HamletHamlet:theprinceofDenmarkClaudius:H’suncle,killedtheoldKINGGertrude:Queen,H’smotherHoratia:aguard(守卫)，H’sfriendOphelia:H’sbelovedgirl,Polonius’sdaughter,Laertes’ssisterPolonius:aministerservingforClaudiusLaertes:betakenuseofbyClaudiustokillHFATHERFATHERSummaryHamlet,PrinceofDenmark,isupsetbecausehisfatherhasdiedandhismother,Gertrude,hasmarriedhisfather'sbrotherClaudius.ThenhisfriendHoratiotellshimthathehasseenaghost.ItisHamlet'sfather'sghostwhoappearstoHamletandtellshimthathewasactuallymurderedbyClaudiusonedayashesleptinanOrchard(果树林)(Claudiuspouredpoisoninhisear).HewantsHamlettoavengehim.Hamletpretendstobemad,andbrutallyrejectsOphelia,whomhehadpreviouslyloved.HearrangesforatroupeofvisitingplayerstoputonaperformanceofTheMousetrap,aplayaboutakingmurderinghisbrother,inordertoexposeClaudius.HeaccidentallystabsPolonius,thefatherofLaertesandOphelia,whileheishidingbehindthecurtains.ThenhetellsGertrudewhathethinksofherformarryinghisfather'sbrother.ClaudiussendsHamlettoEnglandwithsealedorderssayingthatheshouldbekilledonhisarrival.Hamletoutwitshim,andreturnstoDenmark,havingarrangedthathisfather'sagentsRozencranzandGuildernsternshouldbekilledinhisplace.DuringHamlet'sabsence,OpheliahasgonemadwithgriefoverHamlet'srejectionofher,andherfather'sdeath,andshedrownsherself.HerbrotherLaertesvowsvengeanceonHamlet.HamletandLaertesmeetinthegraveyardwhereOpheliaistobeburied,andfightinhergrave.ClaudiusarrangesaduelbetweenHamletandLaertes,andgivesLaertesapoisonedfoil,anexchangeofweaponsleadstothedeathofbothhamletandLaertes.MeanwhileGertrudehasdrunkfromapoisonedcupintendedforhamlet,anddiesherself,andHamletsucceedsinkillingClaudiusbeforehedies.Atlast,princeofNorway,arrivesandgivesHamletamilitaryfuneral.Personalview：ManypeopletrytocategorizeHamlet,whetherheisaherooraVillain,butthemoreyoulistentoHamlet,themoreyoubegintorealizethatperhapsfulfillinghisdeadfather'srevenge-wishisnotwhathewants,andthatiswhyhedoesnotact.Butatlastallthemaincharactersdied,whichmayseemfarfetched(牵强的)butIdon’tthinkHamletcouldleadahappylife.It’shisfate.Fromthisaspect,“TheGoddominateall”makesense.Yourlifeisnowatthemercyoftheduke,sofallonyourkneesandbegformercy.现在，你的命掌握在公爵手里，向他跪下，求他发慈悲吧。Allthatshinesbrightlyisnotgold.发光的未必都是金子。Therearemanyfoolscoveredinsilver.很多蠢人，金玉其外，败絮其中。Herdress,heavywithwater,pulledherdowntothebottom,andshedied.湿透变沉的衣服将她拖到水底，她被淹死了。Whodoyouthink“themerchantofVenice”refersto?朱生豪傅雷朱生豪（1912年2月2日－1944年12月26日），原名朱文森，又名文生，学名森豪，笔名朱朱、朱生等，中国浙江省嘉兴人，是中国翻译莎士比亚作品较早和最多的一人，译文质量和风格卓具特色，为国内外莎士比亚研究者所公认。出生于浙江嘉兴南门的一个破落的小