会计英语第一章

1ProfessionalEnglishforAccountingandAuditing会计审计专业英语Lecturer:TracyCuiSept.5,20162Agenda1.Introductionforthecontentstobelearned2.Introductiontheprocessforeachchapterandquestiontypesoffinalexam3.Chapter1learning3Chapter1AccountingandItsEnvironments会计与环境Part1AccountingPrinciple会计原理4MiniCaseP2Identify1.Safetywithoutwar2.Marketforhanggliderssales3.Policyfromgovernment4.Lawsandcustoms5.Peoplewithwell-education6.Capitalmarket7.Infrastructure（基础设施）Undertheconditionofeconomicresourcesscarcities,Accountingplaysanimportantroleinoureconomicandsocialsystem.P351.1NatureandContentofAccounting会计的本质和内容1.2ObjectivesofFinancialReporting财务报告目标1.3UnderlyingAssumptions基本假设1.4AccountingBasis会计基础Chapter1AccountingandItsEnvironments61.1.1BusinessEnvironmentOrganizations组织Businesses企业Not-for-profits非营利组织Corporations公司Partnerships合伙SoleProprietorships独资1.1NatureandContentofAccounting71.1NatureandContentofAccounting1.1.2TheNatureandRoleofAccountingAccountingisaserviceactivity.Itsfunctionisto(1)providequantitativeinformation,primarilyfinancialinnature,(2)abouteconomicentities(3)thatisintendedtobeusefulinmakingeconomicdecisions-inmakingreasonedchoicesamongalternativecoursesofaction.81.1.3UsersandAccountingInformation1.1NatureandContentofAccountingAllpartiesinterestedinthefinancialhealth(财务状况)ofacompanyarecalledstakeholders.91.1.3UsersandAccountingInformation1.1NatureandContentofAccountingInternalusers,whomakedecisionsdirectlyaffectingtheinternaloperationsoftheenterprise.Externalusers,whomakedecisionsconcerningtheirrelationshiptotheenterprise.Twomajorclassificationsofstakeholders101.1.3UsersandAccountingInformation1.1NatureandContentofAccountingInternalusers,whomakedecisionsdirectlyaffectingtheinternaloperationsoftheenterprise.Suchas:BoardofDirectorsManagementEmployeesExternalusers,whomakedecisionsconcerningtheirrelationshiptotheenterprise.Suchas:Investors&CreditorsSuppliers&CustomersAnalystsGovernment&Community11FinancialAccountingFinancialReportsFinancialStatementsAuditedbyCPAsGAAPExternalUsersManagerialAccountingPerformanceEvaluationCosting,Budgeting,etcInternalUsers1.1.4FieldsofAccounting1.1NatureandContentofAccountingP4P412GAAPGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciple1.Thehistoricalcostprinciple2.Therevenuerealizationprinciple3.Thematchingprinciple4.Theconsistencyprinciple5.Thefulldisclosureprinciple6.TheobjectivityprincipleTheseprinciplesrelatebasicallytohowassets,liabilities,revenues,andexpensesaretoberecognized,measured,andreported.131.1NatureandContentofAccounting1.1.5TheAccountingProcess(1)Identify确认(2)Measure计量(3)Record记录(4)Communicate报告P414Overallobjectiveoffinancialreportingistoprovidefinancialinformationusefultoexternalusersinmakingeconomicdecisions.(a)Primaryusergroupandinformationneeds(b)Generalpurposefinancialreport:FinancialpositionChangesineconomicresourcesandclaims1.2ObjectivesofFinancialReporting(c)ResponsibilitiesofmanagementandGoverningBoard151.3UnderlyingAssumptionTraditionalAssumptions1.EconomicEntity会计主体——Thebusinessenterpriseisviewedasaspecificeconomicentityseparateanddistinctfromitsownersandanyotherbusinessunit.2.GoingConcern持续经营——Abusinesswillcontinuetooperate“longenoughtouseitslongest-livedasset”,unlessthereisevidencetothecontrary.3.MonetaryUnit货币计量——thebusinessuseacommonunitofmeasurementinaccountingfortheretransactions.4.AccountingPeriod会计分期——Accountantspreparemeaningfulfinancialreportsforongoingbusinessbydividingtheirlivesintoreportingintervalsofequallength.161.3UnderlyingAssumptionIASB国际会计准则委员会:OneUnderlyingAssumption:GoingConcern持续经营171.4AccountingBasis•AccrualBasis权责发生制——Recognizestheeffectsoftransactionsandothereventswhentheyoccurratherthanonlywhencashoritsequivalentisreceivedorpaid,andaccountingreportstheseeffectsinthefinancialstatementsoftheperiodstowhichtheyrelate.•CashBasis现金收付制(收付实现制)——Recognizeschangesinfinancialpositionandperformanceonlywhencashisreceivedorpaid.18IASBInternationalAccountingHarmonizationP188Motivation:globalization,EU(EC)in1957,freeflowofgoods,persons,andcapitalHarmonization:1)accountingstandards;2)disclosure;3)auditingstandardsDimensions(scope)ofHarmonization:1)regionalversusglobal;2)voluntaryversusmandated;3)piecemealversuscomprehensiveIssues:securitiesregulators;stockexchanges,andthosewhoprepareorusefinancialstatementsStatusP206:asofJan.2013….19IASC(Internationalaccountingstandardscommittee1973)国际会计准则委员会，IASB国际会计准则理事会Reorganizationin2001IFRS(Internationalfinancialreportingstandards)国际财务报告准则SEC(SecuritiesandExchangeCommission)证券交易委员会,隶属于美国联邦政府一个独立的金融管理机构，直接对国会负责，具有一定的立法和司法权，1934，5人组成GAAP(GenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciple)一般公认会计准则FASB(Financialaccountingstandardsboard)财务会计准则委员会，7人IOSCO(InternationalOrganizationofSecuritiesCommissions)国际证监会组织198320TheIASBstructureP19921QuestionWhat’sthedifferencebetweenChineseAccountingStandardsandIAS?