Unit six Traditional Chinese Medicine中国传统医药

Unit6MedicalSystemandMedicalcareSynopsisMedicalcareisoneofthemostimportantlivelihoodissuesinChina.Inordertoprovidebasichealthcareforeverycitizen，theChinesecentralgovernmenthaslaunchedauniversalhealthcarereformtargetingtheproblemsofthecurrenthealthcaresystem.Themedicalinsuranceforruralpopulationsandpoorfamiliesfeaturespre-eminentlyonthereformagenda.TraditionalChinesemedicinehasbeenhighlightedwithdistinctChinesecharacteristicsinthebasicdrugsystem.医疗保健是中国最为重要的一项民生问题。为解决当前医疗卫生体系中的种种弊端，为老百姓提供基本医疗卫生保健服务，中国政府正逐步推行全民医疗保险制度。解决农村人口和贫困家庭的医疗保险问题是整个医保改革的重中之重。传统中药以其鲜明的中国特色成为基本药物制度中的一大亮点。I.ReadforComprehensionBeforegettingtoreadthepassages,youareexpectedtothinkaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Whichkindofmedicinewouldyouliketotakewhenyouaresick,westernmedicineortraditionalChineseherbalone?2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutthecurrenthealthcaresysteminChina?[参考答案]1.Westernmedicine.Itisquicktodisplayeffectstocurethedisease.ButmyparentsprefertotaketraditionalChineseherbalmedicine.Intheiropinions,thetraditionalChinesemedicineproducesfewersideeffectsanditcanimprovetheoverallimmunesystemofthebody.2.Chinahealthcaresystemischallengedbyprovidingservicesforthemostpopulouscountrywith1.3billionpeopleandamajorityofruralresidents.Chinaimplementedseveralhealthinsurancereformsinthelastfewyears.Besidescommercialmedicalinsurance,currenthealthcaresystemconsistsofthreemainsocialinsuranceprograms:UrbanEmployeeBasicMedicalInsurance(UEBMI)fortheurbanemployed(1997),UrbanResidentBasicMedicalInsurance(URBMI)forurbanresidentswithoutformalemployment,NewCooperativeMedicalSystem(NCMS)fortheruralpopulation(2003).PassageOnePre-readingQuestions1.What’syourimpressionoftoday’shospital?2.Whatisprobablythebiggestconcernforapatient?[参考答案]1.Therearealwaysalotofpatientswaitinginlinetoseeadoctor.Butyoucanmakeanappointmentwithadoctor（预约挂号）tosaveyourtime.Medicalimagesfromsmallruralhospitalscanbetransmittedtobigcityhospitalsforcollaborativediagnosis（联合会诊）andexpertconsultation（专家会诊）.Hospitalwardsoftodayinmanylargecitiesandhealthcarefacilitiesareinadequate.Theydonotmeettheneedsofmostpatientpopulation.Butyoucanchoosethecommunityhospitalswhicharealsoequippedwithadvancedmedicalfacilities,andyoucanalsohavethechancetoseethewell-knownexpertdoctors.[参考答案]2.Whatisprobablythebiggestconcernforapatient?1)Howmuchwillthesurgerycost?Itmightbeunaffordableforsomepatientswithoutmedicalinsurance.2)Willthesurgerybesafe？Thepatientwillbefullofanxietybeforetheoperation.3)Who’sgoingtoattendthepatient?Thefamilymembersarebusy.Theycanhardlysparetimetocarethepatientespeciallyatnight.Andonemoreproblemliesinthefactthattheynormallylacknursingexperiences（护理经验）.HealthcareServicesinChinaForthousandsofyears,Chinesepeoplehavedreamedandmadeunremittingeffortstoachievethegoalforallsickpeopletoreceivemedicaltreatment.SincethefoundingofnewChina,especiallythroughthelast30yearsofreformandopeningup,Chinahasmadetwosignificantachievementsinhealthcareservices.First,thehealthcareservicesystemhasdevelopedrapidly,andthehealthconditionsofurbanandruralChinesehaveimprovedcontinuously.HealthcareServicesinChina几千年来，中国人民一直梦想“病有所医”，并为实现这一目标而不懈努力着。新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放30年以来，中国在卫生保健服务方面取得了两大显著的成就。首先是卫生服务体系发展迅速，城市和农村人口的健康状况持续提升。HealthcareServicesinChinaWhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949,medicalequipmentinChinawasbothrudimentaryandscarce.MedicineandmedicalcarewerenotavailabletomostChinese.Atthattime,theaveragelifeexpectancyinChinawasonly35.Nowitis73,wayabovetheaverage63ofdevelopingcountriesandquiteclosetotheaverageof75ofdevelopedcountries.Thematernalmortalityrate（孕产妇死亡率）(droppingfrom15,000permillionto319permillion)andtheinfantmortalityrate（新生儿死亡率）(decliningfrom200perthousandto13.8perthousand)areamongthelowestofdevelopingcountries.HealthcareServicesinChina1949年中华人民共和国成立时，医疗设备既短缺又落后，医药和医疗保健的水平远不能满足大多数中国人的需求。当时，中国人口的平均寿命只有35岁，而现在达到了73岁，远高于发展中国家63岁的平均水平，接近发达国家平均75岁的水平。孕产妇死亡率（由1.5万/百万降至319人/百万）、婴儿死亡率（200/千人降至13.8/千人）是发展中国家最低之一。HealthcareServicesinChinaSecond,themedicalinsurancesysteminthecountryhasbeengraduallyimproving.Morethan1.2billionurbanandruralChinesehavebeencoveredbybasichealthinsurance.Over90%ofthepopulationhasenjoyedthebenefits.Incities,residentswithjobsarecoveredbyurbanworkers’healthinsurancewhilethoseunemployedareenrolledintheurbanresidents’healthinsurance.Bytheendof2010,peoplecoveredbythetwotypesofinsurancehavereachedover421million,accountingfor70%ofthetotalurbanpopulation.Inaddition,everycitizenisencouragedtovoluntarilyparticipateincommercialhealthinsurance.HealthcareServicesinChina其次是逐步建立和完善医疗保险制度，医疗保险在全国范围内已涵盖大部分人口。超过12亿的城市和农村人口已参加基本健康保险。超过90%的人口从中受益。在中国的城市里，在职人员享受职工健康保险，而下岗职工享受城市居民健康保险。截至2010年底，接受这两类保险的人数已超过4.21亿，占城市总人口的70%。除此之外，政府鼓励民众在自愿的基础上参加商业健康保险。HealthcareServicesinChinaInruralareas,peopleareadvisedtoparticipateintheNewRuralCooperativeMedicalCareSystemonavoluntarybasis.From2003,boththecentralandlocalgovernmentprovidenolessthanRMB10respectivelyeachyearforeveryparticipantinthissystem,whiletheparticipantcontributesanadditionalRMB10.Moneypooledtogetherbythreepartiesmakesupthebasicmedicalinsurancefo