煤与瓦斯突出防治工作的实践

CoalOutburstsandOutburstControlinChineseCoalMines:PCGExperience中国平煤神马集团煤与瓦斯突出防治工作的实践Outline平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出情况CoalOutburstsinPCG平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出监测预警OutburstMonitoring平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出防治OutburstControlCoalOutburstsinPCG一、平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出情况Chinaistheworld'smostseriousnationalgasdisaster中国是世界上瓦斯灾害最严重的国家。国有重点煤矿48%以上是高瓦斯和瓦斯突出矿井。Heavycasualties,sufferedseriouslosses伤亡重大、损失严重建国以来共发生22起死亡百人以上煤矿事故，其中20起是瓦斯灾害事故，死亡3331人。2011年，全国煤矿发生瓦斯事故119起、死亡533人。2011年全国煤矿10人以上事故统计中国煤与瓦斯突出概况CoalOutburstsinChina7.6930.7761.54冲击地压Rockburst水害Waterdisaster瓦斯灾害Gasdisaster中国平煤神马集团目前共有23个原煤生产单位，36对矿井(不包括整合小煤矿)。其中突出矿井16对，煤与瓦斯突出矿井核定产能3662万吨/年，占全公司产能（5008万吨/年）的73.1%。PCGhas36coalmineswithoverallannualcoalproductioncapacity50milliontons.Outofour36coalmines,thereare16coaloutburstmineswithcoalproductioncapacity36.62milliontons/year,.1、矿区基本情况Introduction中国平煤神马集团所开采的突出煤层普遍松软、顶板坚硬，煤层渗透率为0.0001～0.0061mD，属难以抽采煤层。目前，主力生产矿井均已进入深部开采，最大开采深度达1100m以上，生产区域煤层最大瓦斯含量达30.0m3/t，最大瓦斯压力达6.60MPa，特别是禹州的突出矿井和平顶山矿区东部的八矿、十矿、十二矿、十三矿、平宝公司，瓦斯压力与地应力相互耦合，严重威胁着煤矿的安全生产。Permeabilityislow,between0.0001-0.0061mD.Gaspressureishighwithmaximumpressure6.6MPa.Gascontentishighwithmaximumvalue30m3/t.Coaloutburstpossibilityislarge.Atthemoment,mostminingoperationsareunder800mdeep.Someofminesareoperatedwithdepthat1100m.1、矿区基本情况Introduction矿别Mines突出次数Numberoftimes突出煤量Amountofcoal(t)突出瓦斯量Amountofgas(m3)平均突出煤量Averageamountofcoal(t)平均突出瓦斯量Averageamountofgas(m3)占次数比例Proportion(%)一矿No.11242024200.64二矿No.213929003929000.64四矿No.4133001185723.08912.18.33五矿No.51339022238301710.68.33六矿No.6362175520.75851.92八矿No.840395725160298.96290.125.64十矿No.1050471416927594.32285.532.05十二矿No.1227173712687464.34699.017.31十三矿No.1341941345524485.3863812.56首山一矿SYNo.114030004030000.64白庙矿BM151400514000.64平禹四矿PYNo.42510241000025512050001.28合计Total156182891346845117.28633.6/2、矿区煤与瓦斯突出特点及规律Characteristic自1984年发生第一次煤与瓦斯突出以来，累计发生突出156次,平均煤量117.2t/次，平均瓦斯量8633.6m3/次。Since1984,occurredthefirstcoalandgasoutburst.Accumulativecoalandgasoutburst156times.Theaverageamountofcoal117.2tandgas8633.6m3.矿井突出次数对比Numberofoutburstindifferentmines矿井突出煤量与突出瓦斯量对比Outburstamountofcoalandgasindifferentmines突出类型Outbursttypes突出与采掘工艺关系Outburstandminingtechnology突出与构造关系Outburstandtectonic2、矿区煤与瓦斯突出特点及规律Characteristic0100020003000400050006000050000100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000(m3)(t)突出瓦斯量Gas突出煤量Coal0510152025303540455011131334050274112断层Fault,56褶皱Fold,10产状变化Occurrencechange,21压出Pressout,114突出Outburst,26倾出Pourout,16放炮作业Blasting,72采煤机割煤Shearercuttingcoal,42综掘机割煤ComprehensiveDigging,16打钻Drilling,9其他Others,17古中下六煤石段五煤生盒段四子煤组段山二西煤系统组段界P1sh1102.5091.001182.502XP二1-23二煤三段下统1282.501332.501412.50六2煤,块状，厚0～3.05m。平均为1.42m,全区大部可采。K6,灰白色中至粗粒石英砂岩，成份以石英为主，含少量长石。K5,灰白色细至中粒长石石英砂岩，含暗色矿物及煤屑，常夹有粉砂质条带，含黄铁矿晶体。K7,砂岩K4,砂岩灰色泥岩、砂质泥岩夹细砂岩，间夹鲕状泥岩,偶有紫红色斑块，中及下部含二层不稳定薄煤。大紫泥岩，紫红及灰绿色紫斑泥岩，颜色鲜艳，易于确认，以泥状结构为主。K3,浅灰色中粒砂岩，砂锅窑砂岩小紫泥岩,紫红色及灰色紫斑泥岩。香炭砂岩,灰色中至粗砂长石石英砂岩，成份长石20～25%，石英60～70%。K2,大占砂岩叠二地层单位符号界系统组段厚度柱状五2煤层及标志层符号累计（m）61.76127.2380.0044.38124.20100.0043.19112.1450.0021.2199.3580.0020.0100.30四2四3两极值平均值（m）砂质泥岩，局部为砂岩，含煤屑K2,大占砂岩泥岩夹细砂岩不同煤层煤与瓦斯突出强度不同。其中己组煤层突出次数最多、突出煤量和瓦斯涌出量最大，戊组次之，丁组最小。Differentcoalseamsofvaryingintensityofcoalandgasoutburst.WhichgroupBhasmostnumberofoutburst,andthelargestamountofcoalandgas,followedbygroupC,groupDMin.煤层Coalseam次数Numberoftimes平均突出煤量Averageamountofcoal（t）最大突出煤量Largestamountofcoal（t）平均突出瓦斯量Averageamountofgas（m3）丁组D4012.748567.8戊组C4147.75512860.3己组B74144.32555107102、矿区煤与瓦斯突出特点及规律DCBOutburstMonitoring二、平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出监测预警动力系统采动应力外界扰动系统失稳能量释放非稳定瓦斯积聚裂缝形成冲击倾向性开采深度瓦斯构造煤个性因素构造结构应力能量共性因素非稳定区域稳定区域Allkindsofdynamicdisastershaveunifiedpowersource,themechanicalprocessthatdynamicdisastersoccurfrombirthisverycomplex.Oncewemasterthemainfactorsandtheirmutualcouplingrelationship,itispossibletorevealthedeepminedynamicdisastersmechanism.1、动力灾害多因素耦合统一灾变机理Multi-factorsCouplingUnifiedDisasterMechanismofDynamicDisasters矿井各类动力灾害都具有统一的动力源，动力灾害从孕育到发生的力学过程十分复杂，受到多种因素的影响，只要掌握了主要影响因素及其相互耦合关系，就有可能揭示深部动力灾害的灾变机理。在此基础上我们提出了以平顶山东三矿为试验矿井构建统一预测与防治技术体系的总体思路.Onthisbasis,weproposeeastthreemineforthetrialtobuildanunifiedsystemofpredictionandpreventiontechnology.实施统一防治实现统一监测预警实行统一预测建立统一理论试验矿井八矿十矿十二矿动力灾害2、动力灾害统一防治技术体系Dynamicdisastersunifiedpreventiontechnologysystem八矿戊9-10煤层动力灾害分级预测图DynamicdisasterspredictionmapofC9-10inMineNo.8等级Ⅰ：按作业规程进行。等级Ⅱ：单一局部解危，加强检测。等级Ⅲ：局部解危，加强检测。等级Ⅳ：综合解危，加强检测。等级Ⅴ：综合解危，加强检测，效果检验。3、动力灾害统一预测Dynamicdisastersunifiedprediction如何实现复合动力灾害监测预警？Howtomonitoring?应力监测Stressmonitoring统一监测预警unifiedmonitoring基于统一机理Basedontheunifiedtheory电荷法TheElectricChargeMethod钻屑温度法TheCuttingsTemperatureMethod4、动力灾害统一监测预警Dynamicdisastersunifiedmonitoring5、煤与瓦斯突出预测Outburstprediction区域突出危险性预测、区域防突措施、区域措施效果检验、区域验证Regionaloutburstprediction,regionaloutburstpreventionmeasures,regionaltesttheeffectivenessofmeasures,regionalverification工作面突出危险性预测、工作面防突措施、工作面措施效果检验、安全防护措施Workfaceoutburstprediction,workfaceoutburstpreventionmeasures,workfacetesttheeffectivenessofmeasures,securitymeasures两个“四位一体”综合防突措施Twooffourinone“integratedoutburstcontrolmeasures瓦斯压力P/MpaGaspressure瓦斯含量W/(m3/t)Gascontent区域类别Typeofarea0.748无突出危险区Nodangerous除