煤气初冷及硫酸铵制取

河南城建学院本科毕业设计（论文）设计说明I设计说明从焦炉炭化室生成的荒煤气需在化学产品回收车间进行冷却、输送，回收煤焦油、氨、硫、苯族烃等化学产品，同时净化煤气。我在焦炉煤气初冷时采用半负压操作系统，这样有利于吸收氨、苯族烃等，增大吸收推动力，有利于提高吸收率和回收率。对于硫酸铵制取工艺，采用喷淋式饱和器生产硫酸铵的工艺，并以饱和器母液生产粗轻吡啶。用栲胶法除去硫化氢和氰化氢杂质，以洗油方法吸收苯族烃。1.物料衡算：①计算基准的确定：②计算过程中的原料消耗及物料输出量(包括参加及不参加反应之物料、杂质等各项)；③列出主要设备的输入及输出物料平衡表(包括物料名称、工业品组成、分子量、成品重量等各项)；④饱和器的物料平衡图(原料及产品重量、物料损失等)；2.热量衡算(以物料衡算为基础)：①需明确物料进入设备入口温度，列出热量衡算方程；②计算各物理或化学变化吸收或放出的热量，特别是潜热及反应热的计算；③对反应器须计算各物料进出口温度，及反应器内部温度；换热器计算原料及冷却(加热)介质进、出口温度；④热量平衡，选择传热结构，计算传热面积。此设计以喷淋式饱和器为主设备进行计算，主要附属设备有除酸器、结晶槽、沸腾干燥器等。对于饱和器需要得出其煤气进口管直径、中央煤气管径、饱和器的高度和直径，同时计算了除酸器和干燥器的管径、内径。图纸三份，分别为喷淋式饱和器生产硫酸铵工艺流程图、喷淋式饱和器设备图、初冷器图。河南城建学院本科毕业设计（论文）设计说明IIDesignNotesWastegasgeneratedfromthecokeovencokingchamberneedforcoolinginchemicalproductsrecoveryplant,transportation,recoveryofcoaltar,ammonia,sulfur,benzenefamilyhydrocarbonsandotherchemicalproducts,whilepurifyingthegas.Coldcokeovengastothesemi-vacuumoperatingsystem,itisagoodabsorptionofammonia,benzenefamilyhydrocarbons,increasingtheabsorptiondrivingforcetohelpimprovetheabsorptionrateandrecovery.Ammoniumsulfatesystemtotaketheprocess,theprocessofspraysaturatortoproduceammoniumsulfate,andsaturatormotherliquorproductionofcrudelightpyridine.Tanninextractimpuritiestoremovehydrogensulfideandhydrogencyanide,benzenefamilyhydrocarbonwashoilabsorption.(1)thematerialbalance:①calculatethebaselinetodetermine:②calculatetheconsumptionofrawmaterialsandmaterialsintheprocessoutput(includingparticipationinanddonotparticipateinalloftheresponseofmaterials,impurities,etc.);(3)liststhemajorequipmentinputandoutputmaterialbalance(includingthematerialname,theindustrialcomposition,molecularweight,finishedweight);Equilibriumdiagramofthe④saturatedmaterials(rawmaterialsandproductweight,materialloss,etc.);2heatbalance(materialbalancebased):①requireexplicitmaterialintothedeviceinlettemperature,listedintheheatbalanceequation;②Calculationofthephysicalorchemicalchangesintheabsorptionorreleaseofheat,especiallythecalculationoflatentheatandheatofreaction;③reactorrequiredtocalculatetheinletandoutlettemperaturesofthevariousmaterials,andthereactorinternaltemperature;mediumintotheheatexchangertocalculatetherawmaterialsandcooling(heating)andoutlettemperature;(4)theheatbalance,selectaheattransferstructure,calculatetheheattransferarea.Thisdesignspraysaturator-baseddevicetocalculatethemainancillaryequipmentacidremovaldevice,crystallization,boilingdryers.Saturationneedstocometotheheightanddiameterofthegasinlettubediameter,thecentralgaspipediameter,saturated,andthecalculateddiameter,insidediameter,inadditiontotheacidanddryers.Drawingthree,respectively,forthespraysaturatorproductionofammoniumsulfateprocessflowchartdiagramofthespraysaturatorequipment,PrimaryCoolermap河南城建学院本科毕业设计（论文）目录i目录主要符号说明...................................................................................................................1引言.................................................................................................................................21焦炉煤气初冷工艺.......................................................................................................21.1集气管冷却........................................................................................................21.2初冷器冷却........................................................................................................21.3煤气的直接冷却工艺........................................................................................42初冷工艺的计算...........................................................................................................62.1集气管的物料平衡和热计算............................................................................62.1.1物料衡算.........................................................................................62.1.2集气管的热量衡算.........................................................................82.2横管初冷器热量和物料衡算..........................................................................122.2.1横管初冷器的物料衡算...............................................................122.2.2横管初冷器的热量衡算...............................................................142.3主要设备计算...................................................................................................182.4剩余氨水量的计算..........................................................................................243硫酸铵制取工艺.........................................................................................................264硫酸铵工艺计算.........................................................................................................294.1物料衡算...........................................................................................................294.1.1氨平衡计算....................................................................................294.1.2水平衡的计算...............................................................................304.2母液最低温度的确定......................................................................................314.3热平衡计算......................................................................................................