cosmos天区x射线星系团的光学性质研究

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摘要随着测光红移技术的发展,我们所获得的宇宙早期遥远星系的红移信息更为精确。为我们研究星系团提供了有利工具。本文用COSMOS天区星系团的样本探讨了X射线选星系团的光学性质,该天区测光红移精度达到σ.z/(1+z)=0.007,大致可以用来讨论星系团。样本共含有s72个星系团,V波段绝对星等完备到-19等,红移跨度可达0.08≤z≤1.25,X射线光度亮于31041ergs.1。我们讨论了星系团的光学性质(如旋涡星系比例fsp、×聚度、富度等)与X射线性质(如光度、星系际介质的温度)的相关性,以及星系团中蓝星系比例(fblue)随红移的演化。样本所涉及的X射线性质均来自其他文献。我们发现,星系团的X射线光度与富度直接存在强烈的相关性,随着富度的增加而增加,且该趋势在我们将富度改正到截止星等为-17等时更为明显。对于遥远星系来说,直接用观测图像来获得其形态信息是不大可能的。本文通过拟合星系谱能量分布(SED)获取测光红移时最佳星系模板,获得了团成员星系的形态信息,从而准确地确定旋涡星系比例。最终,我们得到星系团的X射线光度与旋涡星系比例之间是反相关的,这一趋势一直延伸到z=1.25,为星系并合导致形态转变提供了证据,并且符合目前宇宙结构形成过程的“自下而上”(bottom-up)模型。本文还讨论了团星系的颜色随红移的演化,即BO效应。我们将所有拟合为旋涡星系和星暴星系的团成员星系都看成是蓝星系,这就避免了从颜色上直接证认,降低了高红移星系由于观测效应所带来的颜色误差。结果显示,BO效应在我们的X射线选星系团样本中依然存在,蓝星系比例随着红移的增大而升高,但在低红移处fblue.z关系的弥散较大。本文还讨论了星系团聚度与X射线性质、蓝星系比例、富度的相关性,但并未发现明显趋势。由于我们所用的X射线选样本缺少邻近星系团的数据,为了验证我们所得到的关系是否与低红移部分结果相匹配,我们另外选取了有X射线辐射数据的46个z0.1的星系团进行研究,该低红移星系团样本的红移信息来自Sloan数字巡天(SDSS)。增加了低红移样本后,我们的LX.fsp、kT.fsp关系以及BO效应更为显著。关键词:星系,星系团,BO效应,X射线性质,旋涡星系,蓝星系IAbstractWiththedevelopmentofphotometricredshift(hereafterphoto-z)technique,theaccuracyofphoto-zfordistantgalaxieshasbeenimproved,whichoffersapowerfultooltoidentifymembergalaxiesinclusters.ThispaperpresentsopticalpropertiesoftheX-rayselectedsampleofgalaxyclustersintheCOSMOSareawherethephoto-zaccuracyreachesσ.z/(1+z)=0.007.sOursamplecontains72galaxyclusterscoveringaredshiftrangeof0.08≤z≤1.2,andthelowerlimitofX-rayluminosityofclustersis3141ergs.Allcluster×..1galaxiesarecompletedowntoMV=.19.0.Wefocusonthecorrelationbetweentheopticalproperties(suchasspiralfraction(fsp),concentration,andrichness)andtheXrayproperties(suchasX-rayluminosity,andtemperatureofintergalacticmedium)andthecosmicevolutionofbluegalaxyfractionwithredshift(z).AllphysicalparametersintheX-raybandaretakenfromtheliteratures.Asexpected,astrongcorrelationbetweentheX-rayluminosityandrichnessisobtained.ThetrendbecomesmoresignificantaftertheclusterrichnessiscorrecteddowntoMV=.17.0.Itishardtoidentifythemorphologiesofhigh-zgalaxiesthroughtheirimages.Inthispaper,wetakethemorphologicaltypeofthebest-fittemplateofnormalgalaxiesinphoto-ztechnique,andestimatethefractionofspiralgalaxies(fsp)inacluster.Asaresult,theanti-correlationbetweentheX-rayluminosityandfspisfounduptoz≤1.25.Thephenomenonimpliesthatsomespecialmechanisms(e.g.ram-pressurestripping)ofmorphologytransformationhavetakeneffectwhenspiralgalaxiesareaccretedintoacluste,whichisconsistentwiththe“bottom-up”modelintheformationofcosmicstructure.Theevolutionoffractionofblueclustergalaxieswithredshift(i.e.,thefblueButcher-Oemlereffect)isalsoinvestigatedinthispaper.Allthegalaxieswhosebestfittemplatesarespiralorstarburstgalaxiesareconsideredasthebluegalaxies,andthisreducesthebiasingalaxycolordeterminationduetotheobservationaleffect.TheBOeffecthasbeenconfirmedandextendedtoz=1.25.Thefblue.zrelationismorescatteredatlowredshift.NocorrelationsofclusterconcentrationwiththeXrayproperties,bluegalaxyfractionandrichnesshavebeenfound.Fewnearbyclusters(z0.1)areincludedinourX-rayselectedsample.Wesupplement46galaxyclustersatz0.1withavailableX-raydetectionintoourIIAbstractsampletocheckwhetherthetendenciesinLX.fspandfblue.zrelationsarevalidatlowredshft.Theredshiftinformationoftheselow-zclustersaretakenfromtheSloandigitalskysurvey.Thecorrelationsarewelljoinedandappearsmoresignificantwhentheselow-zclustersareincluded.Keywords:galaxies,clustersofgalaxies,BOeffect,theX-rayproperties,spiralgalaxies,bluegalaxiesIII目录摘要....................................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................................II第1章研究背景.................................................................................................................11.1星系团的X射线辐射..............................................................................................31.2团星系的形态及演化...............................................................................................61.3X射线与光学性质相关性及其研究进展................................................................81.4BO效应及其研究进展...........................................................................................131.5我们的科学目标.....................................................................................................19第2章X射线选星系团样本的获得.................................................................................202.1COSMOS天区的光学及X射线数据...................................................................202.2X射线选星系团样本及其成员星系的选取..........................................................21第3章X射线与光学性质相关性及BO效应.................................................................243.1X射线选星系团的光学性质..................................................................................243.1.1富度及其修正...............................................................................................253.1.2聚度...............................................................................................................273.1.3星系团中旋涡星系的比例..................

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