中图分类号:U464.173论文编号:102870213-SZ020学科分类号:硕士学位论文煤油活塞发动机爆震评价指标研究研究生姓名陆广敏专业类别工程硕士专业领域车辆工程指导教师毛建国副教授南京航空航天大学研究生院能源与动力学院二О一三年三月080204NanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronauticsTheGraduateSchoolCollegeofEnergyandPowerEngineeringTheEvaluationResearchofKerosenePistonEngineKnockAThesisinVehicleEngineeringbyLuGuangminAdvisedbyAssociateProfessorMaoJianguoSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofMasterofEngineeringMarch,2013承诺书本人声明所呈交的硕士学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得南京航空航天大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。本人授权南京航空航天大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本承诺书)作者签名:日期:南京航空航天大学全日制专业学位硕士学位论文I摘要随着轻型地面特种车辆和低空通用航空的发展,燃烧煤油的活塞发动机是当前航空小型活塞发动机的研究热点,而爆震问题极大地限制了煤油活塞发动机性能的发挥。论文以四冲程汽油活塞发动机为原型机,针对煤油燃料的特点,将原型机改造为点燃式煤油活塞发动机爆震性能研究平台,完成爆震评价指标的研究。本文在爆震性能研究平台的基础上,利用NI高速同步数据采集卡记录不同转速、不同节气门开度下,发动机在工作正常、轻微爆震、中等强度爆震和高强度爆震时的信息数据,并对试验结果进行整理分析。根据试验结果数据,分别进行了基于气缸压力信号和机体振动信号的煤油活塞发动机的爆震评价指标研究,研究结果表明这两种爆震评价方法均能对发动机是否发生爆震及爆震强度做出较为准确的评价,为研究煤油活塞发动机爆震提供了极大的方便。同时爆震性能研究平台试验结果表明,点燃式四冲程煤油活塞发动机能够正常工作,但容易发生爆震,在低速时小负荷工况下即出现爆震。本文的创新性在于以点燃式四冲程煤油活塞发动机的爆震为研究目标,搭建了一个研究平台,在试验的基础上完成了爆震评价指标的研究。关键词:煤油,点燃,四冲程,活塞发动机,爆震评价指标煤油活塞发动机爆震评价指标研究IIABSTRACTWiththedevelopmentoflightgroundspecialvehiclesandlow-altitudegeneralaviation,thekerosenepistonengineisacurrentresearchfocusofthesmallaviationpistonengine.Buttheknockproblemgreatlylimitsthesparkignitionkeroseneengine’sperformance.Inthispaper,accordingtothecharacteristicsofkerosene,afour-strokesparkignitiongasolinepistonenginehasbeenrefittedintoasparkignitionkerosenepistonengineknockresearchplatform,andresearchonitsknockevaluation.Onthebasisoftheknockperformanceresearchplatform,theNIhigh-speeddataacquisitioninstrumentrecordedthedataunderdifferentspeedanddifferentload,whichisthenormalworkingstate,thelowintensityknockstate,themiddleintensityknockstateaswellasthehighintensityknockstate.Thenanalyzedthetestresults.Accordingtothetestdata,thispaperpresentsthecylinderpressurebasedandthebodyvibrationbasedknockevaluation.Bothofthemnotonlyabletodeterminewhethertheknockhasoccurred,butalsocanevaluatetheintensityoftheengineknock.Theproposedoftheknockevaluationwillprovideagreatconvenienceforoptimizingtheknockproblemofthefour-strokesparkignitionkerosenepistonengine.Athesametime,thetestresultsshowedthatthefour-strokesparkignitionkerosenepistonenginecanworknormally,butknockoccurseasilyduringtheworkingprocess.Theinnovationofthispaperliesintheresearchofthefour-strokesparkignitionkerosenepistonengine,andbuiltaknockresearchplatform,thenproposedtheengineknockevaluationbasedontheenginetestdata.Keywords:kerosene,sparkignition,four-stroke,pistonengine,knockevaluation南京航空航天大学全日制专业学位硕士学位论文III目录第一章绪论..........................................................................................................................................11.1课题研究背景..............................................................................................................................11.2课题研究现状..............................................................................................................................11.2.1煤油活塞发动机研究现状...................................................................................................11.2.2发动机爆震评价指标的研究现状.......................................................................................41.3研究目的和主要内容..................................................................................................................81.3.1研究目的..............................................................................................................................81.3.2研究内容..............................................................................................................................8第二章燃料对发动机性能的影响.......................................................................................................92.1燃料的理化特性和动力性能分析..............................................................................................92.1.1燃料的理化特性分析...........................................................................................................92.1.2燃料的动力性能分析.........................................................................................................102.2爆震............................................................................................................................................132.2.1爆震的影响因素.................................................................................................................142.2.2爆震对发动机的影响.........................................................................................................162.3本章小结....................................................................................................................................17第三章煤油活塞发动机爆震研究平台的建立.................................................................................183.1测功器系统................................................................................................................................193.1.1直流电力测功机...........................