倒装和虚拟(全部倒装和部分倒装)

倒装(全部倒装和部分倒装)1.全部倒装(FullInversion),又称主谓倒装(Subject-verbInversion)。例如:Herearesomelettersforyou.Downpouredtherain.2.部分倒装(PartialInversion),又称主语与助动词/晴态动词倒装(Subject-operatorInversion)。例如：NeverhaveIheardsuchnonsense.OnlytodaydidIlearnthedreadfulnews..全部倒装句的具体用法1.用于由here,there,now,then等副词引导的句子，通常称作把时间状语或地点状语提前的倒装句，其谓语动词通常跟在时间状语或地点状语之后。例如：Thencameanewdevelopmentthathadafar-reachingeffects.Onceuponatime,therelivedamanknownbythenameofJoeBeef.Nowcomesyourturn.全部倒装句的具体用法2.在带有助动词“be”的句子中，动词-ing和-ed形式可移至句首，主语移至“be”后面，形成全部倒装。例如：Runningacrossitisastream.Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.全部倒装句的具体用法3.为了使描写的景象更生动,常把拟声词或away,in,out,up等状语放在句首,从而引起主谓全部倒装。例如：Downitfellfromtheappletree.Thedooropened.Inrushedthecrowd.全部倒装句的具体用法4.当句子的主语较长而谓语较短时，常将状语放在句首，主谓全部倒装使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。例如：Faintgrowthesoundofthebell.Attheendofthekaleidoscope万花筒aretwoplates,onemadeoftheglassandtheotherofgroundglass.全部倒装句的具体用法5.用于表示祝愿的句型。例如：Mayyoulivealongandhappylife!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!部分倒装句的具体用法1.句首是否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，常用部分倒装。例如：Notasinglebookdidhereadthatmonth.Undernocircumstancesshallwecanceltheparty.常用于这一结构的词或短语有：bynomeans,undernocircumstances,hardly,scarcely,seldom,innoway,invain,little,never,rarely,few,nosooner…than,hardly…when,nowhere,notuntil,notonly…butalso,notasingleword,notfrequently部分倒装句的具体用法2.句首是only引导的状语时,需要部分倒装。例如：Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.常用短语还有：onlybychance,onlythen,onlywithdifficulty,onlyonarareoccasion等等。部分倒装句的具体用法3.so…that结构中的so置于句首时，需要部分倒装。例如：Soabsurddidhelookthateveryonestaredathim.句首是manyatime,tosuchadegree/extent,tosuchaextremes,tosuchalengths,tosuchapoint,witheveryjustification,withgoodreason等状语时，句子需要部分倒装。例如：Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tgotosleepthatnight.部分倒装句的具体用法4.用于以neither,nor开始的省略句，表示“也不”；用于以so开始的省略句，表示“也如此”。例如：shedoesn’tcareforsweet.NeitherdoI.sheisnotveryfondofcarrots.NoramI.Ienjoyedtheplayandsodidmysisters.部分倒装句的具体用法5.在虚拟语气中，条件从句的if省略时，had,were,should,could需与主语倒装。例如：WereIyou,Iwouldn’tasksuchasillyquestion.HadIbeenthere,Ishouldhaveknownwhathadhappened.倒装句的特殊用法1.在全部倒装句中，主语是人称代词时，不能将谓语动词前移。例如：Awaytheygo.Hereitis.2.在以开始的省略句中，表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定时，不必用倒装句倒装句。例如：It’scoldtoday.Soitis.YouhaveacolorTVset.SoIhave.倒装让步句型表语+as+主语+联系动词,+主句DisabledasPaulis,heistryinghisbesttoservethepeople.副词或动词原形＋as+主语….，＋主句Fastasyouread,youcannotfinishthebookintwodays.Tryaswemight,wecouldnotaccomplishit.虚拟语气与现在事实相反：条件从句：ifI(we,you,he,they)+动词过去时（be的过去时用were).结果主句：I(we)should;you(he,they)would+动词原型IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.IfIknewtheanswertoallthequestions,I’dbeagenius.与过去事实相反条件从句：IfI(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词结果主句：I(we)should;you(he,they)+have+过去分词Weshouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.与将来事实相反条件从句：IfI(we,you,he,they)+should(would)+动词原形.或if+人称代词+动词过去时结果主句：I(we)should;you(he,they)would+动词原形Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.