1s-中医学的起源与发展

TheOriginationandDevelopmentofTCMFengChong-lianThe2ndPeople’sHospitalofGuangzhou中医学的起源与发展冯崇廉中国中医药学会广州分会常务理事广州中西医结合专业委员会副主广州市第二人民医院主任中医师广州医学院硕士研究生导师《广州医学院学报》编委MaoZe-dong,TheChairmanofP.R.Chinasaid:TraditionalChineseMedicineandPharmacologyareagreattreasure-house,andeffortsshouldbemadetoexplorethemandraisethemtoahigherlevel.中华人民共和国主席毛泽东说：“祖国医药学是一个伟大的宝库，应当努力挖掘，加以提高”。JiangZe-min,theGeneralsecretaryofCCCP(thecentralcommitteeofthecommunistpartyofChina)said:WeshoulddevelopTraditionalChineseMedicine,andputtheequalstressonTCMandwesternmedicine.中国中央总书记江泽民说：“中西医并重，发展中医药”。Wuyi,vice-premierandconcurrentlyministerofthePublicHealthMinistryofChinasaid:theNationalChineseMedicineandPharmacologyarethesystemicscientifictheoryandthespecialmethodsofdiagnosisandtreatment,whicharisefromtheexperienceaccumulatedbytheChinesepeopleintheirstruggleagainstdiseaseoveralongperiodoftime.TCMisthecondensationofthesuperbwisdomoftheChinesenation.ItistheexcellenttraditionalcultureofChinesenationandthespecialityandthesuperiorityinhygienicundertakingsofourcountry.国务院副总理兼卫生部长吴仪说：“中医药学是我国人民在长期的劳动、实践和与疾病斗争的经验积累中逐步形成的独特而系统的科学理论和诊疗方法，凝聚着中华民族的优秀传统文化，是我国卫生事业的特色和优势。”Astheaspirationofmankindforcomingbacktothematureincrease,thenaturalmedicineandthetraditionaltherapyarenowarisingandbeingbeepdevelopmentquitewell.TheTCMhasbeenspreadtotheworldofabout120countriesanddistricts,andhasbeengivenwarmwelcomebythepeopleallovertheworld.随着人类回归大自然愿望的增强，以及崇尚天然药物和传统疗法的兴起，中医药发展方兴未艾，并已经传播到世界120多个国家和地区，受到各国人民的欢迎。SincethefoundationofnewChina,ThegovernmentofourcountryandthecentralcommitteeofourpartyhaveputahighstressonthedevelopmentofTCM.Tokeepitconsistentdevelopinghasbeenwrittendowninto“theConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina”,andthisisthelegalbasisprovidedforthedevelopmentofTCM.新中国成立以来，党和国家高度重视中医药事业的发展。我国将发展传统医药写入《中华人民共和国宪法》，为中医药的发展提供了根本的法律依据。Till2002,therehavebeen2864TCMhospitalsabovethelevelofcountyinourcountry,thatincludethehospitalsofTCMcombinedwithwesternmedicineandthehospitalsofnationalmedicine,anditowns270,000ward-bedsinthesehospitals.Inaddition,thedepartmentsforTCMandTCMcombinedwithwesternmedicineornationalmedicinehavebeenestablishedinmostsynthetichospitals.截至2002年底，全国共有县及县以上中医医院（包括中西医结合和民族医医院）2864所，病床27万张，绝大多数综合医院也都设有中医、中西医结合或民族医科。TheoutpatientserviceamountofTCMaccountsforaquarterofthetotaloutpatientservicequantityinourcountry.中医门诊服务量约占门诊服务总量的1/4。Therearemorethan270,000practitionersforTCMandmedicinalherbsthroughoutthecountry,thisconstitutesthesystemoftreatment,teachingandscientificresearch.TheTCMhaspaidanimportantroleinpreventingandtreatingdiseasesandimprovingthehealthlevelofthebroadmasses.中医执业医师（含助理医师）、执业中药师27万余人，基本形成了中医药的医疗、教学、科研体系、为防病治病，提高广大人民群众健康水平发挥了十分重要的作用。InordertounderstandtheTCMbetter,let’sreviewthecourseoftheoriginationandthedevelopmentofTCM.为了更好的理解传统中医药学，有必要了解中医药学的起源和发展过程。Thesunhasundergone6billionyearssincetheformationofthesolarsystem,andnowthesunisbeinginit’smiddleage.Theearthisamemberofthefamilyofsolarsystem.Ithasbeenabout4.5billionyearssincetheearthbeingexistent.自从太阳系形成以后，太阳大约已经经历了60亿年的岁月。目前的太阳，正处于它的中年期。地球是太阳系大家庭中的一个成员。地球的历史大约有45亿年。Theearthisthemotherofmankind.Itisestimatedthattheoriginalorganismshademergedsine4billionyearsbefore,afterthattheyhadundergoneconstantchangeanddevelopmentforalongperiodoftime.Andthentheancientapeappearedgradually.地球是人类的母亲。原始生命估计出现在距今40亿年以前，后来又经过长期的不断发展变化，才逐渐演化出古代猿类。Themankindisevolvedfromtheancientape.Havingundergoneevolutionforaratherlongperiodoftime,themankindappearedabout10millionyearsago.人类是由古猿转变而来的，人类的形成经过了极其漫长的历史过程，距今约有一千万年。Theearthhasneverbeencalmsinceithadcomeintobeing.Theexistenceofmankindhasbeenbeingthreatenedallthetimebecauseofthefiercechangessuchasthunder,lightning,windstorm,rain,ice,hail,cold,hot,volcaniceruptionetc,especiallythecontinuouslywarandthespreadingofpestilence(fatalepidemicdisease)accompaniedwiththeemergingofthehumanbeing.地球从它产生到现在，很不平静、很不安宁，时有雷、电、风、雨、冰、雹、寒暑、地震、火山突然爆发等激烈的变化，时刻威胁着人类的生存。尤其是地球自有人类以来，由于不断的战争、恶疫的蔓延，时刻威胁着人类的健康与生命安全。About100thousandyearsago,thechinaapeevolvedtothe“ancientman”.About5thousandyearsago,thetribeslivedalongtheChangjiangandHuangheRivervalleycomeintotheperiodoftribalcommunities.大约在10万年以前，中国猿人逐渐发展到“古人”阶段。大约从五千年前起，我国黄河、长江流域的氏族部落，先后从母系进入父系氏族公社时期。Themedicaltherapyarosefromtheexperiencethatthepeopleofthevariousnationalitiesofourcountryhadgatheredintheirlivingpracticeoveralongperiodoftime.“Themedicalactivityaccompaniestheemergenceofmankind”,ascholarsaid.古代流传下来的医疗方法来自我国各族人民长期生活实践的总结。“自有人类以来，就有医疗的活动”。Theinventionofcharacterisanimportanteventinthehistoryofmankind.Itistheimportantmarkforcomingintotheeraofcivilization.文字的发明是人类历史上的重大事件，是进入文明时代的重要标志之一。Chinaisoneoftheearliestcivilizedcountriesdevelopedintheworld.InShangDynasty(about16~11centuryBC),Chinahadbeenahighlydevelopedcivilizingcountry.中国是世界文明发达最早的国家之一。从文字已经形成完整的体系来看当时的社会，商代不愧是一个具有高度文明的王朝了。“ShanHaiJing”isabookwritteninwarringstates(475~221BC),inwhichvariousknowledgehavingbeenrecordedthataccumulatedbefore.TheconditionsofmedicalactivitiesbeforeSpringandAutumnPeriod(770~476BC)canbefoundoutinit.《山海经》是战国时期成书，保存了一部分以前历代积累的