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Unit8KnowledgeandWisdom(abridged)---BertrandRussell从前有两座寺院，彼此是竞争对手，两座寺庙的住持——他们只是泛泛的师父，一向互相看对方不顺眼，并且告诉各自的弟子决不可去对方的地盘。两位住持都各有一个男僮服侍他们，为他们跑腿做些杂事。第一间寺院的住持告诉他的男僮：“别去跟另一个孩子说话，那帮人是危险份子。”不过孩子到底是孩子，有一天他们在路上遇到对方，第一间寺院的男僮问另一个男僮：“你要去哪里啊？”另一个男僮说：“风带我去哪里，我就去到哪里。”这一定是他从寺院里听到的，“风带我去哪里，我就去到哪里。”是禅宗的名句，讲的是纯粹的道。听到那样的回答，第一个男僮觉得很窘，他想不到该拿什么话接下去，他感到挫败、生气以及愧疚……“师父告诉过我不要和这些人交谈，这算是哪门子的回答？他们的确是危险份子，这下我可被羞辱了一顿。”他回去告诉住持事情的经过，并且说：“对不起，我跟他说了话，你说的没错，那些人很危险，他说的哪里算回答？我问他，‘你要去哪里？’不过是一句单纯的寒暄，我知道他要去市场，正好我也要去市场，但是他却说‘风带我去哪里，我就去到哪里’。”住持说：“我警告过你，谁叫你不听话，明天你再去同样的地方，当他来时你问他：你要去哪里？’然后他会说：‘风带我去哪里，我就去到哪里。’你要让他知道你也不是省油的灯，接着你再问他：要是你没有脚呢？你要怎么办？’因为灵魂是没有身体的，风没有办法将灵魂带到哪里去。”这个男僮想要做好万全的准备，整个晚上他都在反覆温习住持告诉他的话！隔天一大早他去到那里，站在相同的地点等待，另一个男僮准时出现，他高兴得不得了，心想这下他可以秀给他知道什么是真正的哲学，于是他问道：“你要去哪里？”他已经等着要再开口……另一个男僮却说：“我要去市场买蔬菜。”I.Pre-readingQuestions2.Howcanyoubecomewise?Doyouthinkwhatyouaredoingincollegecontributestowisdom?Pre-readingQuestions1.Whatkindofpeopleareconsideredwise?Citesomeexamples.Andwhataretheelementsthatconstitutewisdom?Whatiswisdom?Wisdomisaconceptofpersonalgainingofknowledge,understanding,experience,discretion(辨别力),andintuitiveunderstanding,alongwithacapacitytoapplythesequalitieswelltowardsfindingsolutionstoproblems.Itisthejudiciousandpurposefulapplicationofknowledgethatisvaluedinsociety.BackgroundInformationBackgroundInformation1.AboutthetextandtheauthorBertrandRussell(1872—1970),Britishphilosopherandmathematician,wasoneoftheoutstandingfiguresof20thcenturyBritishphilosophy,andwasespeciallyimportantforhisworkinmathematicallogic.HismajorworksincludePrincipiaMathematica,3vols.(1910-1913),writtenwithA.N.Whitehead,andAHistoryofWesternPhilosophy(1945).Russellwastwiceimprisonedforactivitiesassociatedwithhisadvocacyofpacifism(1918),andawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1950.Russellwastwiceimprisonedforactivitiesassociatedwithhisadvocacyofpacifism(1918),andawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1950.伯特兰·阿瑟·威廉·罗素（BertrandArthurWilliamRussell，1872年5月18日—1970年2月2日）是二十世纪最有影响力的哲学家、数学家和逻辑学家之一，同时也是活跃的政治活动家，并致力于哲学的大众化、普及化。无数人将罗素视为这个时代的先知，而与此同时罗素的许多政治立场却又是十分有争议性的。他出生于1872年，当时大英帝国正值巅峰，逝于1970年，此时英国经历过两次世界大战，其帝国已经没落.BackgroundInformation1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，以表彰其“多样且重要的作品，持续不断的追求人道主义理想和思想自由”。BackgroundInformationBackgroundInformation2.ProverbsonWisdom(1).Wisdomisnotlikemoneytobetiedupandhidden.智慧不像金钱，不能捆起来藏着。(2).Wisdomismoretobeenviedthanriches.智慧可羡，胜于财富。(3).Wisdomcomesfromextensiveobservationandbroadknowledge.智慧来自于见多识广。BackgroundInformation(4).Wisdominthemindisbetterthanmoneyinthehand.胸有智慧，胜于手握金钱。(5).Doubtisthekeyofknowledge.凡事怀疑皆可开启知识之门。(6).Ifyouwantknowledge,youmusttoilforit.若要求知识，须从勤苦得。BackgroundInformation(7).Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing.浅学误人。(8).Learnwisdombythefolliesofothers.从旁人的愚行中学到聪明。(9).Wisdomistothemindwhathealthistothebody.知识之于精神，一如健康之于身体。Whatinformationcanyougetfromthetitle“KnowledgeandWisdom”?GlobalreadingGlobalreadingIsthistextanarration,argumentation,descriptionorexplanation?Whatisthetopicandthesupportingdetails?“WheretoFindtheMainIdeaWecanfindthemainideastatementonconditionthatthewriterhasprovideduswithone.Atopicsentencemaybeanywherewithinaparagraph.Buttherearecommonlocations.Thefirstsentenceintheparagraph….Inthemiddleofaparagraph….Attheendofaparagraph….”---李尚宏主编，何春燕编.《英语阅读与学习技巧》第2册.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005:64-65GlobalreadingPleasefindoutthetopicsentenceineachparagraph.GlobalreadingParagraph1:Iwanttoaskfirstwhatwisdomis,andthenwhatcanbedonetoteachit.Paragraph2:OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Paragraph3:Theremustbe,also,acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife.Paragraph4:Itisneededinthechoiceofendstobepursuedandinemancipationfrompersonalprejudice.Paragraph5:Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.GlobalreadingStructuralAnalysisPara.1IntroductionAlthoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.Para.2-5Body4factorsthatcontributetowisdom1.comprehensivevision纵观全局的能力2.afullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlife对人类终级目标的清醒认识3.emancipationfrompersonalprejudice摆脱个人的偏见4.impartiality公正的态度FactorsthatconstitutewisdomasenseofproportionafullawarenessoflifegoalsWisdomABimpartialityDunderstandingC“Mostdefinitionsareabstract,andsotheyareusuallyfollowedbyoneormoreexamplesthathelpclarifytheirmeaning.Alwaysrelatetheexampletothedefinitionsothatyouwillfindanabstractdefinitionclearandconcrete.”----李尚宏主编，何春燕编.《英语阅读与学习技巧》第2册.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005:P201TEXT11.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.Butagreementceasesassoonasweattempttodefinewisdomandconsidermeansofpromotingit.Iwanttoaskfirstwhatwisdomis,andthenwhatcanbedonetoteachit.QuestionsWhatviewiscommonlyacceptedintermsofknowledgeandwisdom?Theincreaseinknowledge≠TheincreaseinwisdomTEXT12.Thereare,Ithink,severalfactorsthatcontributetowisdom.OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanit