43马克吐温

MirrorofAmerica----MarkTwainLifeMajorworksAssessmentTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty(1)born•Nov.30th,1835Florida,MissouriaVirginianfamily•Thesixthofsevenchildren•Whenhewas4,Hannibal,MissouriLife(2)TrampPrinter•In1847,hisfatherdiedofpneumonia.•In1848,hebecameaprinter'sapprentice.•In1851,hebeganworkingasatypesetterandcontributor.•Whenhewas18,heworkedasaprinterinNewYorkCity.•At22,hereturnedtoMissouri.(3)RiverPilot•HoraceE.BixbyinspiredTwaintobecomeapilot.•Hereceivedhissteamboatpilotlicensein1859.•HewasariverpilotuntiltheAmericanCivilWarbrokeout.(4)Confederateguerrilla•Hetriedsoldieringfortwoweeks.•Twainquitafterdeciding,“…Iknewmoreaboutretreatingthanthemanthatinventedretreating.”(5)Prospector•Hewentwestbystagecoach.•HisjourneyendedinVirginiaCity,Nevada.•Hefinallyfailedasaprospector.(6)Reporter•HeworkedasanewspaperreporterintheTerritorialEnterprise.•In1864,TwainmovedtoSanFrancisco.•There,hemetlotsofwriters.(7)Writer•In1865,hisfirsthumorousshortstory:TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty.•HetraveledtotheSandwichIslands.•In1867,hewentonavoyagetoEuropeandtheMiddleEast.•In1869,hepublished“TheInnocentsAbroad”.(8)PersonalMisfortunes•Hestartedhisownprintingshopandbecamebankrupt.•Torecoverfromthebankruptcy,hestartedaworldlecturetour.•Hesufferedthepainofthedeathsoflovedones.•HediedofaheartattackinConnecticutonApril21,1910.(1)HisNovels1873TheGildedAge《镀金时代》1874TheAdventuresofTomSawyer《汤姆·索亚历险记》1875ThePrinceandthePauper《王子与贫儿》1884TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》1889AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt《亚瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美国佬》1894Pudd’nheadWilson《傻瓜威尔逊》1916TheMysteriousStranger《神秘的陌生人》Majorworks(2)HisNon-fictions1869TheInnocentsAbroad《傻子出国记》1872RoughingIt《艰难岁月》1883LifeontheMississippi《密西西比河上的生活》1897FollowingtheEquator《赤道环游记》1906WhatisMan?《什么是人？》1959TheAutobiographyofMarkTwain《马克吐温传》(3)HisStories1867TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty《卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙》1870RunningforGovernor《竞选州长》1893TheL1,000,000BankNote《百万英镑》1899TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》ChangesinStyle•Hisearlierworks:–light,humorous,optimistic•Hislaterworks:–darkerandmoreobscure–showinghisdiscontentanddisappointmenttowardthesocialreality•Hislastworks:–acutepessimism,despair,skepticism,determinismABriefAssessmentRemarks:MarkTwainisapartofAmerica.HispersonalsuccessandfailurewerethoseofAmerica.Hemoved,alongwithAmerica,frominnocencetoexperience.ErnestHemingway:AllmodernAmericanliteraturecomesfromonebookbyMarkTwaincalledHuckleberryFinn....Therewasnothingbefore.Therehasbeennothingasgoodsince.•Itisan1865shortstorybyMarkTwain,hisfirstgreatsuccessasawriter,bringinghimnationalattention.TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountyActI•Thenarratorentersasaloon（酒吧）andasksabouttheRev.LeonidasW.Smiley.Instead,oldSimonWheelercornershimwithatalltaleaboutamannamedJimSmiley,wholovedtogamble.ActII•SimonWheelertellsusaboutSmiley’soldmare,whoneverlookedlikeshecouldwinaracebutalwaysgatheredenoughstamina（毅力）towardstheendtobeathercompetition.•ThenhetellsusaboutSmiley’solddog,AndrewJackson,whoalsodidn’tlooklikemuchandwouldn’twinunlesstherewasmoneyonthetable.Thenhe’dbeattheotherdogeasily.•ThenWheelertellsusaboutSmiley’sfrog,Dan’lWebster,andhowSmileytrainedthatfrogforthreemonthstojumpfasterandhigherthananyotherfrogyouevermet.ActIII•Oneday,SmileybetsastrangerthathisfrogDan’lcanbeatanyotherfrog.Themanagreestothebet,mutteringthattheredoesn’tseemlikeanythingspecialaboutSmiley’sfrog.••WhileSmileyisoutcatchinganotherfrog,thestrangerfillsDan‘lwithquailshot.•Smileylosesthecompetition.Hedoesn’trealizehe’sbeencheateduntilthemanhasleftandhepicksDan’lup.Wheelerisinterruptedtellinghisstoryandwalksaway.Whenhereturns,thenarratorhashadenoughofthestorytellingandescapes.Theme•Thethemeofthestoryisthecultureclash.ThefirstnarratorisapropergentlemanfromtheNortheastthatendsuptalkingtoaslack-jawed,westerncountryguyandalltheNortheasternguycanthinkaboutishowmuchhewantstogetawayfromhim.It'saclashbetweenAmericanEastandWestandTwaindepictsitallsovividly.HealsothrowsinalotofreferencesandcommentaryonfamousAmericanpoliticalfiguresandtheliketohelptieinthethemeofAmerica.“Humorismankind'sgreatestblessing.”Thankyou!