Unit8_Knowledge_and_Wisdom

Lesson6KnowledgeandWisdomByBertrandRussellTeachingPlanTime:10periodsArrangement:Introduction(1period)Textuallearning(6periods)Exercises&Activities(3periods)LearningObjectivesMasterthestyleofExposition.Getfamiliarwithrhetoricdeviceslikeparallelismandidentifyvariedfunctionsofitinthesentences.Mastertheuseofkeywordsandexpressionsinthetext.BackgroundInformationBertrandWilliamRussell,(1872-1970)Aprolificwriter,alsoapopulariserofphilosophyandacommentatoronalargevarietyoftopics,rangingfromveryseriousissuestothemundane.ABritishphilosopher,logician,andmathematicianAprominentanti-waractivistformostofhislonglife,championingfreetradebetweennationsandanti-imperialism.MillionslookeduptoRussellasaprophetofthecreativeandrationallifeMoreaboutBertrandRussell1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，以表彰其“多样且重要的作品，持续不断的追求人道主义理想和思想自由”。In1950,RussellwasmadeaNobelLaureateinLiterature,inrecognitionofhisvariedandsignificantwritingsinwhichhechampionshumanitarianidealsandfreedomofthoughtThreepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.三种既简单但又极为强烈的激情一直支配着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的悲哀－－－罗素TheOriginalMotivationsofmostpeopleisacquisitiveness获取,rivalry竞争vanity虚荣,andloveofpower权欲.生活对于每一个人，几乎都是一场长期的、充满竞争的较量。其幸福在于你能超越邻里。不含竞争的快乐早已被人遗忘掉了。这个普遍持有的幸福观其实是一个完全错误的理论。人的行动该不该受道德原则制约，人应该放纵每一次冲动吗？这一个度的问题。过分依据原则的生活将失去很多漫游的快乐。Pre-readingQuestionsHowdoyoudefinewisdominyourlife?Isitnecessarilytruethataknowledgeablemaniswise?KnowledgeandWisdomAccordingtoRussell,whatiswisdomandhowdoesitrelatetoknowledge?Whatisthestyleofthetext?expositionclarityillustrationparallelismTextualOrganizationPart1(Para.1):IntroducethetopicPart2(Paras.2-5):Themainbody-fourfactorsthatconstitutewisdom1.Senseofproportion2.Theendsofhumanlife3.Open-mindedness4.impartialityTextualAnalysisPartOneQ1:Whatisthecommonviewofknowledgeandwisdom?Q2:Whatisthetopicsentenceofthefirstparagraph?LanguagepointsSurpassvt.beevenbetterorgreaterthansomeoneorsomethingelsee.g.Asthesayinggoes,thelatecomerssurpasstheearlystarter后来者居上Surpassexpectations/hopes/dreamsSurpassV.S.OvertakeWhereisSURPASS?你今天特别行！她今天出众的表演让大家对她刮目相看！SurpassyourselfSurpassingperformance2.Ceasev.Stopdoingsomethingorstophappeninge.g.Thetowndescribedinmanynovelshaslongsinceceasedtoexist.停火！CeaseFire!n.WithoutceaseChineseversion:怪事何其多呀！真是惊喜不断哦！Wonderswillnevercease!3.Howtousemeans?ByfairmeansorfoulAmeanstoanendByallmeansBynomeansManofmeansWithin/beyondone’smeansExerciseⅢ,P76PartTwo(paras2-5)SenseofproportionTheendsofhumanlifeOpen-mindednessImpartialityParagraph2Q1:whatdoesasenseofproportionmeanandwhyisitanimportantfactor?Q2:Howdoesthewriterexplainhispoint?LanguagepointsContributeSomepeopleliketocontributemoneytothecharityeverypayday.TheSongdynastycontributedthreeinventionstoworldcivilization.Moneymattersmostlycontributetotheincreaseofdivorcerate.ContributeV.S.Attribute由于饮食的改善，心脏病死亡人数有所下降。Improvementsindietcontributetothefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdisease.Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisattributedtoimprovementsindiet.TakeaccountofMore?Take…intoaccountTake…intoconsideratione.g.这次改卷子的时候，老师会考虑到你最近生病了。Theteacherwilltakeyourrecentillnessintoaccount/considerationwhenmarkingyourexam.Aretheyinterchangeable?Itishardtosaythatweearnmorethanbefore,forthesefiguresdonottakeaccountofchangesintherateofinflation.NO!Here:itmeans“includeparticularfactsordetails”whiletheotherphrasedoesnotParaphrase“…thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight”.Whatrhetoricaldeviceisusedabove?Parallelism---tobalancethestructuralelementsofasentence,e.g.wordforword,phrasewithphrase,clausewithclause.---oftenintroducedbyCorrelativeConjunctions---aninvaluableaidinclarityofideasDetectmore!Yousucceed…notonlyinEuropeandAmerica,butalsoinAsiaandAfrica.Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmaking…andlowering…oftheworld.IntellectualV.S.IntelligentSeeexerciseⅢ,P76Intelligent,adj.usedtodescribeapersonwithaquickandclevermind.Intellectual,adj.usedtodescirbeapersonwhoiswell-educatedandinterestedinseriousideasandsubjectslikescience,literature,etc.Itcanalsobeanoun.DisinterestedandUninterestedSeeexerciseⅢ,P76Disinterested:objective,abletobefairbecauseoneisnotinvolvedingaininganypersonaladvantage.e.g.weneedtheadviceofadisinterestedparty.(=someonewhoisnotdirectlyinvolved)Pursue/pursuitThepolicemanpursuedtherobberacrosstheborder.Thedevelopmentofindustrycannotbepursuedattheexpenseofenvironmentaldevelopment.Chinahaspursuedapolicyofpeaceininternationalaffairs.Paragraph3Howdoyouinterpret“acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife”?Hegel(1770-1831)Hegel'sdenseanddemandingwritingstylecanbedifficulttoread;heisthesinglemostdifficultphilosophertounderstand.---BertrandRussellintheHistoryofWesternPhilosophyMoreaboutHegelDevelopanewformofthinkingcalled“speculativereason”andnowpopularlycalled“dialectics”Introduceasystemforunderstandthehistoryandtheworlditself,describedasaprogressioninwhicheachsuccessivemovemente