Writing_-_topic_sentence¶graph主题句和段落

TopicSentenceIfyouwanttowriteeffectively,onethingyouneedtobearinmindisthatEnglishwritingismorereader-centered.Inotherwords,youneedtomakesurethatyourpaperisclearlystructuredandeasytofollowlogically.IntroductionBody(severalparagraphs)ConclusionBodyparagraphsdevelopthewritingplanoroutline,andprovidesupporttothethesis(mainideaofthepaper)statedintheintroduction.Aparagraphisagroupofrelatedsentencesdevelopingasingletopic.AparagraphiscomposedofAtopicsentenceSupportdetailsIneedawaterbottleforthehikeincaseIgetthirsty.Asweaterisusefulifitgetscold.Acompasswillhelpmegointherightdirection.Sandwicheswillbeaneasy-to-carrysnack.Icanuseacameratotakepicturesofunusualorattractiveplaces.A:No,itisn’t.Withoutacentralidea,agroupofsentencesisjustalist,andnotanactualparagraph.WritingatopicsentenceIneedawaterbottleforthehikeincaseIgetthirsty.Asweaterisusefulifitgetscold.Acompasswillhelpmegointherightdirection.Sandwicheswillbeaneasy-to-carrysnack.Icanuseacameratotakepicturesofunusualorattractiveplaces.Canwemakeitaparagraph?Howcanwemakeitaparagraph?Wecanmakeitaparagraphbygivingitacentralidea,orafocus.Wegiveitafocusbystatingthecentralideainonesentence,whichiscalledthetopicsentence.WritingatopicsentenceIneedmanyitemstobereadyforasafe,enjoyablehike.IneedawaterbottleforthehikeincaseIgetthirsty.Asweaterisusefulifitgetscold.Acompasswillhelpmegointherightdirection.Sandwicheswillbeaneasy-to-carrysnack.Icanuseacameratotakepicturesofunusualorattractiveplaces.Atopicsentenceexpressesthecentralideaoftheparagraph.Topicsentencesservetoleadthewritersthroughyourpapereasily.Atopicsentenceistoaparagraphwhatathesisistoapaper:itexpressesthecentralideaoftheparagraph.Theremainderoftheparagraphfurtherdevelopsorgivessupportforthetopicsentence.Acarefullythoughtouttopicsentencewillservetwoimportantfunctions.First,itwillprovidetheauthorthemeanstostayfocusedonyourobjective.It'saloteasiertowriteifyouknowwhatyouaregoingtowriteabout.Second,aclearlystatedtopicsentencewillprovidereaderswiththetoolstheyneedtoclearlyunderstandwhatyouhavetosay.Lookatthefollowingexample.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?Topicsentenceshouldbeacompletesentencewithacompletemeaning.(主题句必须是意义完整的一个完整句子。)Howtoreadanovel.Anyonecanlearnhowtoreadanovel.(X)(√)Topicsentenceshouldnotbetoogeneralandshouldbeclearinmeaning.(主题句内容不能太泛，必须内容清楚。)Televisionisveryimportant.Televisionplaysaneducationalroleindailylife.(X)(√)RequirementsofaGoodTopicSentenceTopicsentenceshouldhavepracticalcontent.(主题句内容必须具体。)Toimprovereadingability,oneneedstoacquiresomereadingskills.ToimproveEnglishproficiency,oneneedtoacquiresomeskills.(X)(√)RequirementsofaGoodTopicSentenceTopicsentenceshouldnotbeaspecificdescription.(描写细节的句子不能作主题句。)1.Hesenthiswifeadiamondringonherthirtiethbirthday.2.Theymovedtoanewapartmentlastmonth.3.Todaymoreandmorewomenaregoingouttowork.4.Heencounteredanoldfriendyesterday.(X)(X)(X)(X)RequirementsofaGoodTopicSentenceBeforewritinganyessayorevenaparagraph,itisimportanttothink…1.thetopic2.whatyouwanttosayaboutthetopic.Mostoften,thetopiciseasy,butthequestionthenturnstowhatyouwanttosayaboutthetopicwhichisthecontrollingidea.Topicsentencesshouldalwayscontain(1)atopic(2)acontrollingidea.Beforewritinganyessayorevenaparagraph,itisimportanttothink…1.thetopic2.whatyouwanttosayaboutthetopic.Mostoften,thetopiciseasy,butthequestionthenturnstowhatyouwanttosayaboutthetopicwhichisthecontrollingidea.Topicsentencesshouldalwayscontain(1)atopic(2)acontrollingidea.Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop.Topic:effectiveleadershipControllingidea:specificqualitiesInordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems.Topic:tofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanicControllingidea:severalproblemsWhatisthemaintopic?AvoidingburglariesLockingdoorsLeavinglightsonBuyinganalarmsystemWhatisthemaintopic?KnowingyourneighborsWalkingtoworkGrowingupinasmalltownLivingasimplerlifestyleWhatisthemaintopic?EffectiveleadershipCleargoalsBroadvisionCommunicativeabilityWhatisthemaintopic?StopthebicyclesafelyRepairaflattireonabicycleFindaquietplaceawayfromtheroadRemovethetireUseapatchkittofixthetubeReplacethetireWhatisthemaintopic?WalkonshorterrandsUsestairsinsteadofelevatorMaintainahealthylifestyleAvoidovereatingEatgoodfoodsTheparkisapleasantplaceforeveryone.Littlekidsliketoplayontheswingsandslides.Olderchildrencanplaylittleleaguebaseballorotherteamsportsatthelargerparks.TeenagersoftenplayFrisbeeonthegrassorvolleyballinthesand.Adultsenjoytakingwalks,andsomeseniorsliketositontheparkbenchesandfeedthebirds.Intheaboveexample,thetopicsentenceappearsatthebeginningofaparagraph.Andremember,thisiswheretopicsentencesareoftenexpectedtoappear.Lookatanotherexample,anddecidewhichsentenceisthemainideaoftheparagraph.Somepeoplewalkonatreadmillathomeorrideabicycle.Othersliketogooutdancing,doaerobics,orworkoutinagym.Someotherpeopleprefertoswim.Mostpeoplehaveafavoritewaytoexercise.Yes,intheaboveexample,thetopicsentenceappearsattheendoftheparagraph.Whataboutthefollowingparagraph?Somepeo