the Canterbury Tales 赏析

TheCanterburyTalesGeoffreyChaucer夏雨给大地带来了喜悦，送走了土壤干裂的三月，沐浴着草木的丝丝茎络，顿时百花盛开，生机勃勃。西风轻吹留下清香缕缕，田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿，碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日，青春的太阳洒下万道金辉。小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美，迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡——美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦，多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢。香客盼望拜谒圣徒的灵台，僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海。信徒来自全国东西南北，众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷，去朝谢医病救世的恩主，以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒。那是个初夏方临的日子，我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息；怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心，我准备翌日出发去朝圣。黄昏前后华灯初上时分，旅店院里拥入许多客人；二十九人来自各行各业，不期而遇都到旅店过夜。这些香客人人虔心诚意，次日要骑马去坎特伯雷。客房与马厩宽敞又洁净，店主的招待周到而殷勤。夕阳刚从地下线上消失，众人同我已经相互结识；大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床，迎着熹微晨光赶早把路上。可是在我叙述故事之前，让我占用诸位一点时间，依我之见似乎还很必要，把每人的情况作些介绍。谈谈他们从事什么行业，社会地位属于哪个层阶，容貌衣着举止又是如何，那么我就先把骑士说说。WhatdoyouknowaboutChaucer?GeoffreyChaucer乔叟ThefounderofEnglishpoetryA.Life:(1340-1400)3periodsa.1360s–1372：influenceofFrenchpoetry.Translationof“RomauntdelaRose”b.1372–1385-86:influenceofpoetsinearlyRenaissanceItaly.“TroilusandCriseyde”c.1386–1400:fullmaturity,freefromanydominantforeigninfluence.TheCanterburyTalesB.Majorworks:a.“TroilusandCriseyde”:Chaucer’slongestcompletepoemb.TheCanterburyTales（1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》WhatdoyouknowaboutTheCanterburyTales?TheCanterburyTalesOriginalplan:Framing:fictitiouspilgrimageSourcesofthetales:folklore,Italian,BibleCanyounamesomeofthetalestoldbythepilgrims?MajorTalesGeneralPrologue1TheKnight'sTale2TheMiller'sTale3TheReeve'sTale4TheCook'sTale5TheManofLaw'sTale6TheWifeofBath'sTale7TheFriar'sTale8TheSummoner'sTale9TheClerk’sTale10TheMerchant'sTale11TheSquire’sTale12TheFranklin’sTale13ThePhysician'sTale14ThePardoner'sTale15TheShipman’sTale16ThePrioress'sTale17TheTaleofSirThopas18TheTaleofMelibee19TheMonk'sTale20TheNun'sPriest'sTale21TheSecondNun’sTale22TheCanon’sYeoman’sTale23TheManciple’sTale24TheParson’sTaleChaucer’sRetractionWhat’stheartisticfeaturesofthiswork?ArtisticFeaturesBestrepresentationofvarietiesofmedievalstory:religiousstories,legends,fable,fairytales,sermons,romancesInteractionbetweentalesandframingstory:Knight---Miller---ReeveEnormoussenseofhumourRealism:microcosmofsocietyHumanismnotreligious,notdreamvisions;hisbelief(inWifeofBath’sTale)intherighttopursueearthlyhappiness;hisgoodnatureanddetachmentasauthorPoeticlanguage:heroiccoupletvs.alliterativeverseC.SignificanceinthedevelopmentofEnglishliteratureandlanguagea)TheFatherofEnglishpoetryheroiccouplet,iambicpentameterb)ThefounderoftherealismtraditioninEnglishlit.c)ThefirstEnglishwritertowriteincurrentEnglishandestablishedEnglishasaliterarylanguaged)AforerunnerofhumanismHowcanyougetyourselvespreparedforthiscourse?Review:刘炳善：《英国文学简史》，上海：上海外语教育出版社。Preview:ReadasmuchmaterialaspossibleMiddleEnglishVs.ModernEnglishPronunciation:GreatVowelShift:datedart;feetfate;wipeweep;Bootboat;housewhose.Vowelsoccurringincombinationshouldallbepronounced,asthemeterrequires:absolucioun.ThefinaleisfrequentlypronouncedFaire,ryde,endyteConsonantsAllconsonantsinclustersshouldbepronounced:gnawe,knifewritehalf,halve,folk,palmerrshouldbetrilled1)Iambus(抑扬格):oneunaccented+oneaccentedsyllableappearbesidesattacksupply2)Trochee(扬抑格):oneaccented+oneunaccentedsyllableholyuppergrandeurfailing3)Anapaest(抑抑扬格):twounaccentedsyllables+oneaccentedreappearindistinctincompleteonthehill4)Dactyl(扬抑抑格):oneaccented+twounaccentedsyllablemessengermerrilypropertyIambicPentameter:themostimportant.3typesofpoetryinthismetera)Heroiccouplet英雄对偶句mainlyusedinepics(Chaucer)b)Blankverse:unrhymediambicpentameter,muchusedindramac)SonnetWhenIconsiderhowmylightisspentAlliterationAlliterationistherepetitionofinitialsoundsinneighboringwords.Amistymorningmayhaveafineday.--Kelly一个多雾的早晨能可能有一个晴朗的白昼。--寄里Howmanypartscanyoudivideourexcerpt?Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?Withsuchasetting,couldyoupredictthegeneraltoneofthetalesthataretofollow?Hasrunhishalf-courseintheRamHaspassedthroughhalfthezodiacalsignofAries,acoursecompletedonApril11.Arhetoricallydecorativewayofindicatingthetimeofyear.TheRamTheBullTheTwinsTheCrabTheLionTheVirginTheScalesTheScorpionTheArcherTheSea-goatTheWater-bearerFishPilgrimagePilgrimageisaformofpenanceordevotion,awaytodemonstratethewillingnesstosacrificecomfort,income,andevensafetytovisitplacesassociatedwiththelivesordeathsofimportantsaintsorChrist.Nomatterthedestination,solitarytravelcouldbedangerous,expensive,andlonely,thereforemanypilgrimsbandtogether.Theycouldprovideprotectionforoneanother,especiallyatnightwhenlackofinnsmeantcampingoutdoors.Bythelatethirteenthandearlyfourteenthcenturies,however,thegrowthofmiddleclassandtheexpansionofurbancentersmeantincreasedopportunitiesfortravelandcommunication.Innsandtavernspoppedupalongcommonpilgrimagesroutes,providingfoodandsheltertowearytravelers.ThomasBecketArchbishopofCanterbury,murderedin1170andcanonizedshortlythereafter.TheplaceofhismartyrdomwasthegreatestshrineinEnglandandmuchvisitedbypilgrims.WhatisexpressedintheseopeninglinesofTheCanterburyTales?ThispartisasuperbexpressionofadoubleviewoftheCanterburypilgrimage.Thefirstlinesareachantofwelcometothespringwithitsharmoniousmarriagebetweenheavenandearthwhichproducesvegetations,pricksfoulsandstirstheheartofmanwitharenewingpowerofnature.Thus,thepi