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齐齐哈尔大学毕业设计（论文）I摘要三效蒸发应用于许多领域，像废水处理，食品生产，溶液结晶；而现在由于倡导节能，对于三效蒸发节能方向一直都在不断改进，同时也提高其经济效益。因此，选择此课题希望能进一步改进三效蒸发的工作效率，是企业能够得到更多收益。许多成熟的技术已被应用到实际工业生产中，像生产奶粉过程中，三效蒸发是主要的生产工序；化工厂萃取己内酰胺水溶液浓缩采用在真空条件下逆流进料的三效蒸发方式，经过一次闪蒸，根据不同浓度梯度合理利用能量，将来自萃取单元30-50%的己内酰胺水溶液浓缩至75%左右，可见其在实际生产中的重要应用，因此对三效蒸发的研究对国家化工领域起着极其重要的作用。本课题主要是研究三效错流浓缩系统在处理鲜牛奶上的应用。蒸发系统不仅要满足设计任务要求，而且从结构的安全性方面，必须充分考虑机械性能，同时要求结构简单，制造和操作维修方便，根据设计任务书所给出的鲜奶处理量及其浓度、物性特点，同时从节能角度出发，综合考虑技术与经济方面的因素，本设计采用了三效降膜并流蒸发系统。确定设备各个进出口的温度后，对各效进行了物料和热量衡算，从而进行了设备的计算与选型。其中包括：蒸发罐的管数和排管、预热盘管的圈数、筒体壁厚、封头，分离器的直径和高度、矩形通道、预热器、冷凝器、热压泵、离心泵等的计算和选型。关键词：蒸发；错流；鲜奶；节能齐齐哈尔大学毕业设计（论文）IIAbstractThreeeffectevaporatorusedinmanyfields,suchaswastewatertreatment,foodproduction,solutioncrystallization;Andnowbecauseadvocatingenergysaving,energy-savingeffectevaporationforthethreehavebeeninthedirectionofcontinuousimprovement,whilealsoimprovingitseconomicefficiency.Therefore,thechoiceofthistopichopetofurtherimprovetheworkefficiencyofthree-effectevaporation,theenterprisecangetmorerevenue.Manymaturetechnologyhasbeenappliedtoactualindustrialproduction,suchasmilkproductionprocess,three-evaporationisthemainproductionprocesses;chemicalextractionaqueouscaprolactamconcentrateundervacuumusingafeedofthethreecounter-effectevaporationmethod,afteraflash,dependingontheconcentrationgradientoftherationaluseofenergy,fromextractionunit30-50%caprolactamsolutionwasconcentratedtoabout75%,seenintheactualproductionofimportantapplications,sothethree-effectevaporationstudiesfromthenationalchemicalindustryanextremelyimportantrole.Themainsubjectisthestudyofthree-waycross-flowconcentrationsystemindealingwiththeapplicationoffreshmilk.Evaporationsystemdesignednotonlytomeetmissionrequirements,butalsofromthestructuralsafety,mustfullyconsiderthemechanicalproperties,whilerequiringasimplestructure,manufacture,andoperationandmaintenance,accordingtothedesigntaskbookgivenmilkprocessingcapacityofitsconcentration,physicalcharacteristics,butfromtheenergypointofview,consideringthetechnicalandeconomicaspects,thedesignusesathree-effectfallingfilmevaporationsystemandflow.Determinethetemperatureofthedeviceaftereachimportandexportofmaterialsandtheefficientconductoftheheatbalance,therebyperformingthecalculationandselectionofequipment.Theseinclude:evaporationtankandtheexhaustpipenumberoftubes,thenumberofturnsofthecoilpreheating,cylinderwall,head,diameterandheightoftheseparator,rectangularchannel,heater,condenser,hotpump,centrifugalthecalculationandselectionofpumps.Keywords:evaporation;crossflow;milk;ener齐齐哈尔大学毕业设计（论文）目录摘要........................................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.........................................................................................................................11.1乳品行业的发展现状.............................................................................................11.2设备的选择和设计.................................................................................................21.2.1设备生产工艺要求........................................................................................21.2.2设备材料要求................................................................................................2第2章技术经济基础.........................................................................................................32.1设备自身因素的影响.............................................................................................32.2外界因素的影响.....................................................................................................3第3章专题设计与论证.....................................................................................................43.1设计论述.................................................................................................................43.2改造思路.................................................................................................................43.3蒸发器选型论述.....................................................................................................43.4流程论述.................................................................................................................53.5重点设备的选择.....................................................................................................5第4章设计计算.................................................................................................................74.1物料衡算.................................................................................................................74.2热量衡算.................................................................................................................74.2.1热压泵的喷射系数........................................................................................74.2.2杀菌器的热量衡算........................................................................................94.2.3一效蒸发罐的热量衡算..........................................................