英语文体学

IntroductiontoEnglishStylisticsCourserequirements:Classattendanceisrequired,notoptional.Courseevaluation:Attheendofthecourse,eachstudentistosubmitatermpaperrelatedtostylistics.Coursedescription:Stylisticsisabranchoflinguisticswhichappliesthetheoryandmethodologyofmodernlinguisticstothestudyofstyle.Inamuchbroadersense,itdealswiththestudyofallkindsofwriting/varietiesofEnglish.Inanarrowersense,itisaninterdisciplinarysubject.Itisastudyofliterarydiscoursefromalinguisticorientation,thatis,fromalinguisticpointofview(literarystylistics).Therefore,itdiffersfromlinguisticsandliterarycriticisminthatitessentiallylinksthesetwo.Majortopicstobediscussed:1.Whatisstylistics?Whatisstylisticsmeanttodo?Whatisstyle?2.Phonologicalstylisticmarkers3.Lexicalstylisticmarkers4.Grammaticalstylisticmarkers5.Normanddeviation6.VarietiesofEnglish7.PracticalstyleReferencebooks:《英语文体学引论》，王佐良，外研社。《英语文体学教程》，徐有志，高等教育出版社。《英语文体学教程》，张德禄，高等教育出版社。《英语语体学》，裴文，安徽大学出版社。《实用英语文体学》，钱瑗，外研社。《文体学概论》，秦秀白，湖南教育出版社。PatternsinLanguage:StylisticsforStudentsofLanguageandLiterature---Thomborrow,J.,1998.StyleinLanguage---Sebeok,T.A.(ed.),1960.TheFiveClocks---Joos,M.,1962.LinguisticsandStyle---Enkvist,N.E.&Spencer,1964.InvestigatingEnglishStyle---Crystal,D&D.Davy,1969.Stylistics—Turner,G.W.,1973.StyleinFiction---Leech,G.&M.Short,1981.TheStylisticsofFiction---Toolan,M.,1990.Thegoals,components,andprocedureofstylisticinquiryGoalsThefirstgoalofstylisticsistohelpreadersunderstandatextbetter.Inotherwords,itprovidesinsightsintothemeaningofthetext.Thesecondgoalistoexplainwhyandhowonetextisbetterthananotherone.Thatistosay,stylisticsismoredirectlyconcernedwithinterpretationofatext.ComponentsDescription+interpretation+evaluationThemostimportantthingistorememberthereisactuallynorigidandfixedprocedureofstylisticanalysisofliterarywork.Linguisticobservationandliteraryinsightproceedsfromeachotherandenhanceseachotherandtheyformacyclicmotion.Procedure:Analyticphase+interpretativephaseThenatureofstylisticanalysisGenerally,thestylisticanalysisismainlyconcernedwiththeuniquenessofthelanguageuseinagiventext.Thatistoshowwhatispeculiartothelanguageinatext.Thisisdeterminedbythenatureofstyleitself.Thisnaturallyinvolvescomparisonbetweenthelanguageusedinthetextunderinvestigationandthelanguageusedinaconventionalway.Soessentiallyspeaking,stylisticstudyisessentiallycomparativeinnature.Generally,theprocedureofstylisticanalysisisoftensequencedintwosteps:a)linguisticdescription,b)contextualfactorsanalysis.Linguisticdescriptioncanbedoneatphonological,graphological,lexical,syntactical,semanticandtextuallevel.Contextualfactorsanalysisincludethefollowingaspects:fieldofdiscourse,tenorofdiscourseandmodeofdiscourse.AchecklistoflinguisticdescriptionPhonologicalcategory:a.elision(omissionofsound(s)b.soundpatterningc.rhymed.pausee.stressf.lengthg.tempo(thespeedofspeaking)h.intonationi.onomatopoeiaGraphologicalcategory:a.punctuationb.capitalizationc.paraphrasing(thewayatextisdividedintoparagraphs)d.italicse.formatofprintingf.graphicsigns(sizeofshapeofletters,tables,pictures,diagrams,drawingsetc.)Lexicalcategory:whetherthelexisusedisa.generalorspecificb.Anglo-SaxonorLatinatec.simpleorhardd.descriptiveorevaluativef.formalorinformalg.standardornonstandardh.dynamicorstatici.archaicorneologismj.abstractorconcreteSyntactic/grammaticalcategory:(howwordsareorderedandconnectedintosentences)a.sentencetypesb.sentencelengthc.clausetypes(SV,SVA,SVO,SVOA,SVOO,SVOC;finite/nonfinite;)d.normalorderofinvertede.tense(theprevailingtense)f.voice(activeorpassive)Semanticcategory:a.figuresofcomparison(simile,metaphor,analogy,personification)b.figuresofreplacement(metonomy,synecdoche,euphemism,overstatement,understatement,etc.)c.figuresofrepetitiond.figuresofcontrast(antithesis,oxymoron,paradox,climax,anticlimaxetc.)e.figuresofdoublemeaning(pun,irony)Theaimofthiscourseistwo-fold:1)Toofferachancetodeepen/facilitateyourunderstandingoftheknowledgeoflinguisticsyouhavejustacquiredandputittopracticaluse.2)Tocultivatestylisticawarenessorinsightintodifferentstylesofwriting/varietiesofEnglish;todeveloptheabilitytodostylisticanalysisandhopefullypursuingabetterunderstandingorappreciationofliteraryworksandotherstylesofwriting.Chapter1I.Definitionofstylistics“Thestudyofthatvariationinlanguagewhichisdependentonthesituationinwhichthelanguageisused.Althoughstylisticssometimesincludesinvestigationofspokenlanguage,itusuallyreferstothestudyofwrittenlanguage,includingliterarytexts.Stylisticsisconcernedwiththechoicesthatareavailabletoawriterandthereasonswhyparticularformsandexpressionsareusedratherthanothers.”(LongmanDictionaryofLanguageTeaching&AppliedLinguistics)Stylisticsisthestudyofvarietiesoflanguagewhosepropertiespositionthatlanguageincontext.Forexample,thelanguageofadvertising,politics,religion,individualauthors,etc.,orthelanguageofaperiodintime,allbelonginaparticularsituation.Stylisticsalsoattemptstoestablishprinciplescapableofexplainingtheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualsandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage,suchassocialisation,theproductio