半导体物理 (一).

半導體物理(一)量子物理概論,固態能帶概念,物質導電度,半導體材料量子物理概論•BlackbodyradiationandPlank’sconstant•DeBroglierelation•Uncertaintyprinciple•Wavefunctionandprobabilitydensityfunction•SchrodingerEquation•PotentialWell•Energyquantizationandquantumnumbersph2,2xptE1)()(*dxdydzrrtiVzyxm222222220)()(2)(222xxVEmxdxd2*)()()()(rrrrLxxxVLxxV,0,)(0,0)(kxBkxAxcossin)(222mEkLxnLxmLnEnLnknnsin2)(8.....3,2,1,2220)()(2)(222xxVEmxdxd固態能帶概念•Periodicalpotentialandbandstructure•Brillouinzoneconcept•Valenceband,Conductionband,andBandgap•Directbandgapandindirectbandgap•Conductors,Semiconductors,andInsulators•ConceptofElectronandholeaka.....)2()()(axVaxVxV,....3,2,1,nank物質導電度•MeanfreetimeorRelaxationtime•CarrierMobility•Effectivemass/0)()()(txxentntndttdnneEdtdp**exexdxxxxxmEempvEenppdtpdp1222**2*2dkEdmEpeneJnemnemEnenevEJexheeeexdx半導體材料•Intrinsicsemiconductors•Extrinsicsemiconductors•Ionizationenergy•P-typeandN-typesemiconductors•ExcitonskTEiiigennnpnpn222*16.13)eV(reDmmE2****16.13)eV(111rrexhermmEmmm