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SONGTOTHEMENOFENGLANDBackground:ThepoemwaswrittenbytheromanticpoetPercy.ByssheShelleyin1819.Thepoemisabouttheclashbetweentwoclassesofsociety,thepoorworkingclassandtherichnobles.Themajorthe-meofthispoemisexploitation,howtheworkersaredoingalltheyaredoingforthebenefitsoftheungratefulnobles.Thenarratorisurgingtheworkerstomakeastandastheyarebeingtreate-dunfairly.1819年8月6日，曼彻斯特六万工人在圣彼德广场聚会、游行示威,要求普选权、反对谷物法案，遭到当局的镇压，很多人受伤，有的死难.雪莱当时在意大利,听到此事后义愤填膺，写了著名长诗“专制魔王的化装舞剧”(TheMaskofAnarchy).同年他写了这一首革命态度鲜明的政治抒情诗,并拟把它们印成传单散发，但无人敢承印,直至雪莱死后才得以发表.在诗人的许多作品中可见到为争取自由而斗争的主题，诗人心目中的自由包括消灭对劳动的剥削，这一观念在本诗中得到深刻的表达.诗人向劳动人民致辞，号召世界的创造者------劳动人民，向资本家进行斗争，拿起武器捍卫自身的权利.全诗共八节，每节四行，每行四个重音节，双行韵式aa-bb.Song:rhymingcouplets,regularrhythm,repetition,alliterationTo:addressedtoaspecificgroupThemenofEngland:thelabourerswhomakeEngland.•一.•MenofEngland,whereforeplough•英格兰人，何以要为蹂躏—•Forthelordswholayyelow?•压榨你的地主老爷耕耘？•Whereforeweavewithtoilandcare•何以小心谨慎、千辛万苦—•Therichrobesyourtyrantswear?•为暴君和富人编织锦服？•二.•Whereforefeed,andclothe,andsave,•何以从那摇篮直至坟墓，•Fromthecradletothegrave,•为其提供食品、衣服、救助？•Thoseungratefuldroneswhowould•寄生虫们何以忘恩负义—•Drainyoursweat-nay,drinkyourblood?•榨干吸尽你们的汗水、血滴？•三.•WhereforeBeesofEngland,forge•英格兰的工蜂，何以锻造—•Manyaweapon,chain,andscourge,•这么多的武器、鞭子、镣铐？••Thatthesestinglessdronesmayspoil•这些无刺的雄蜂会掠夺—•Theforcedproduceofyourtoil?•你迫于辛劳所得的成果？Inthethirdstanza,heusesirony,commentingonhowthe“stinglessdrones”areusingtheweaponsthattheworkersforge.Thefactthathesays“stingless”istellingtheworkersthatwithouttheirworkandservice,theywouldbeofnothreattothem.四.•Haveyeleisure,comfort,calm,•你们可有闲暇，舒适，安宁？•Shelter,food,love'sgentlebalm?•可有住所，食品，爱的温馨？••Orwhatisityebuysodear•何以用如此高昂的代价—•Withyourpainandwithyourfear?•换取你们的痛苦和惧怕？•（五）•Theseedyesow,anotherreaps；•你们播的种子，他人享受；•Thewealthyefind,anotherkeeps；•你们找的财富，他人保留；••Therobesyeweave,anotherwears；•你们织的衣锦，他人穿戴；•Thearmsyeforge,anotherbears.•你们铸的兵器，他人佩带。thereisaslightchangeofton-e.Thisiswherethepoetistryingtomaketheworkersre-alizehowthelordsarebenefitingfromthem.Itiswritteninarepetitiveform“Theseedyesow,anotherreaps,Thewealthyefind,an-otherkeeps”.Theconstantrepetitionof“the”,“ye”,and“another”makesthewholestanzamoreexpressive,makingitstrongereachtime.•（六）••Sowseed,-butletnotyrantreap；•播种，但是不让暴君收刈；•Findwealth,-letnoimpostorheap；•获取财富，不让骗子囤积；••Weaverobes,-letnottheidlewear；•织出衣锦，不让懒汉打扮；•Forgearms,-inyourdefencetobear.•锻造武器，捍卫自己安全。•thepoemusesthesamecontentasstanzafive,butusesamorestrongimperativetone–“Sowseed–butletnotyrantreap,Findwealth,letnoimposterreap”.Nowthereisastressonthefirsttwowordsofthestanza,andheisliterallyorderingtoworkerstodoth-eirwork,butthistimenottolettheupperclassbenefitfromit.•（七）•Shrinktoyourcellars,holes,andcells；•你们在为他人装饰厅堂；•Inhallsyedeckanotherdwells.•自己缩在地窖，洞穴，牢房。••Whyshakethechainsyewrought?Yesee•何以在自制锁链里颤栗？•Thesteelyetemperedglanceonye.•瞧，自制的钢刀，扫视着你。•（八）•Withploughandspade,andhoeandloom,•你们用犁、铲，用织机、铁锄，•Traceyourgrave,andbuildyourtomb,•寻找和打造自己的坟墓，••Andweaveyourwinding-sheet,tillfair•编织出自己的裹尸寿衣，•Englandbeyoursepulchre.•直至美丽的英伦成墓地。Stanzasevenandeightiswritteninasarcastictone,degradingtheworkerswithwordssuchas“shrink”and“traceyourgrave”.Thepoetisdoingthisonpurposetogettheworkersfeellowangry,makingthemwanttostopworkingfortheirlords.Structure•Stanzas1-4:Question:•Whyworkfortyrantswhoexploityou?•Stanza5:Statements:•Theworkyoudoandthingsyoumakebenefitonlyothers.•Stanzas6-8：Imperatives（orders）•Work，butforyourself….•Fightbackorshrivelandmakeyourowngraves.Shelleyusesalotofmetaphorsinthispoemtoexpresstheseriousityofthematter.“Thelordsarereferredtoas“tyrants”and“ungratefuldrones”.Thistellsusthattheytreattheworkersunfairlyandtakeadvantageoftheirposition,doingnothingthemselves.Hesaystotheworkersthey“Drainyoursweat-nay,drinkyourblood”.Heistakingittoextremes,andmakingthehighersocietysoundlikesavages.VIEWPOINT1.SystemisunjustandEnglandistainedbytheinjustice.2.Workersaredehumanizedasmasterssucktheirlifeblood.3.Workersshouldrebelandworkonlyforthemselves.TONEMountingangeraspoemprogress.Bitterness,Rage,Contempt,Frustration