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烟台大学法学院法律硕士张川方中华人民共和国海商法（中英文）中华人民共和国海商法MaritimeCodeofthePeople’sRepublicofChina（1992年11月7日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议通过）(Adoptedatthe28thMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheSeventhNationalPeople'sCongressonNovember7,1992)第一章总则C-IGeneralProvisions第一条Article1为了调整海上运输关系、船舶关系，维护当事人各方的合法权益，促进海上运输和经济贸易的发展，制定本法。ThisCodeisenactedwithaviewto(为了，为的是)regulatingtherelationsarisingfrommaritimetransportandthosepertainingtoships,tosecuringandprotectingthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofthepartiesconcerned,andtopromotingthedevelopmentofmaritimetransport,economyandtrade.2012-8-1422:02:55第二条Article2本法所称海上运输,是指海上货物运输和海上旅客运输,包括海江之间、江海之间的直达运输。(1)MaritimetransportasreferredtointhisCodemeansthecarriageofgoodsandpassengersbysea,includingthesea-riverandriver-seadirecttransport(直达运输).本法第四章海上货物运输合同的规定，不适用于中华人民共和国港口之间的海上货物运输。(2)TheprovisionsconcerningcontractsofcarriageofgoodsbyseaascontainedinChapterIVofthisCodeshallnotbeapplicabletothemaritimetransportofgoodsbetweentheportsofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.第三条Article3本法所称船舶，是指海船和其他海上移动式装置，但是用于军事的、政府公务的船舶和20总吨以下的小型船艇除外。(1)ShipasreferredtointhisCodemeanssea-goingships(海船，远洋舰艇)andothermobileunits,butdoesnotincludeshipsorcraftstobeusedformilitaryorpublicservice(政府公务)purposes,norsmallshipsoflessthan20tonsgrosstonnage.前款所称船舶，包括船舶属具。(2)Thetermshipasreferredtointheprecedingparagraphshallalsoincludeship'sapparel.第四条Article4中华人民共和国港口之间的海上运输和拖航，由悬挂中华人民共和国国旗的船舶经营。但是，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。(1)MaritimetransportandtowageservicesbetweentheportsofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashallbeundertakenbyshipsflyingthenationalflagofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,exceptasotherwiseprovidedforbylawsoradministrativerulesandregulations.非经国务院交通主管部门批准，外国籍船舶不得经营中华人民共和国港口之间的海上运输和拖航。(2)NoforeignshipsmayengageinthemaritimetransportortowageservicesbetweentheportsofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaunlesspermittedbythecompetentauthorities(主管部门，主管当局)oftransportandcommunicationsundertheStateCouncil.第五条Article5船舶经依法登记取得中华人民共和国国籍，有权悬挂中华人民共和国国旗航行。(1)ShipsareallowedtosailunderthenationalflagofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaafterbeingregisteredasrequiredbylaw,andgrantedthenationalityofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.船舶非法悬挂中华人民共和国国旗航行的，由有关机关予以制止，处以罚款。(2)ShipsillegallyflyingthenationalflagofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashallbeprohibitedandfinedbytheauthoritiesconcerned.第六条Article6海上运输由国务院交通主管部门统一管理，具体办法由国务院交通主管部门制定，报国务院批准后施行。AllmatterspertainingtomaritimetransportshallbeadministeredbythecompetentauthoritiesoftransportandcommunicationsundertheStateCouncil.ThespecificmeasuresgoverningsuchadministrationshallbeworkedoutbysuchauthoritiesandimplementedafterbeingsubmittedtoandapprovedbytheStateCouncil.第二章船舶C-IIShips第一节船舶所有权Section1OwnershipofShips第七条Article7船舶所有权，是指船舶所有人依法对其船舶享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权力。Theownershipofashipmeanstheshipowner'srightstolawfullypossess,utilize,profitfromanddisposeoftheshipinhisownership.第八条Article8国家所有的船舶由国家授予具有法人资格的全民所有制企业经营管理的，本法有关船舶所有人的规定适用于该法人。WithrespecttoaState-ownedshipoperatedbyanenterpriseownedbythewholepeoplehavingalegalpersonstatusgrantedbytheState,theprovisionsofthisCoderegardingtheshipownershallapplytothatlegalperson.第九条Article9船舶所有权的取得、转让和消灭，应当向船舶登记机关登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。(1)Theacquisition,transferenceorextinctionoftheownershipofashipshallberegisteredattheshipregistrationauthorities(船舶登记机关).Noacquisition,transferenceorextinctionoftheship'sownershipshallactagainstathirdpartyunlessregistered.船舶所有权的转让，应当签订书面合同。(2)Thetransferenceoftheownershipofashipshallbemadebyacontractinwriting.第十条Article10船舶由两个以上的法人或者个人共有的，应当向船舶登记机关登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。Whereashipisjointlyownedbytwoormorelegalpersonsorindividuals,thejointownershipthereofshallberegisteredattheshipregistrationauthorities.Thejointownershipoftheshipshallnotactagainstathirdpartyunlessregistered.第二节船舶抵押权Section2MortgageofShips第十一条Article11船舶抵押权，是指抵押人对于抵押权人提供的作为债务担保的船舶，在抵押人不履行债务时，可以依法拍卖，从卖得的价款中优先受偿的权利。Therightofmortgagewithrespecttoashipistherightofpreferredcompensationenjoyedbythemortgageeofthatshipfromtheproceeds(买卖收入，收益)oftheauctionsalemadeinaccordancewithlawwhereandwhenthemortgagorfailstopayhisdebttothemortgageesecuredbythemortgageofthatship(抵押人提供的作为债务担保的船舶).第十二条Article12船舶所有人或者船舶所有人授权的人可以设定船舶抵押权。(1)Theownerofashiporthoseauthorizedtherebymayestablishthemortgageoftheship.船舶抵押权的设定，应当签订书面合同。(2)Themortgageofashipshallbeestablishedbyacontractinwriting.第十三条Article13设定船舶抵押权，由抵押权人和抵押人共同向船舶登记机关办理抵押权登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。(1)Themortgageofashipshallbeestablishedbyregistrationwiththeshipregistrationauthoritiesjointlybythemortgageeandthemortgagor.Nomortgagemayactagainstathirdpartyunlessregistered.船舶抵押权登记，包括下列主要项目：(2)Themainitemsfortheregistrationofthemortgageofashipshallbe:（一）船舶抵押权人和抵押人的姓名或者名称、地址；(a)Nameordesignation(名称，字号)andaddressofthemortgageeandthemortgagoroftheship;（二）被抵押船舶的名称、国籍、船舶所有权证书的颁发机关和证书号码；(b)Nameandnationalityofthemortgagedshipandtheauthoritiesthatissuedthecertificateofownershipandthecertificatenumberthereof;（三）所担保的债权数额、利息率、受偿期限。(c)Amountofdebtsecured,theinterestrateandtheperiodfortherepaymentofthedebt.船舶抵押权的登记状况，允许公众查询。(3)Informationabouttheregistrationofmortgageofshipsshallbeaccessibletothepublicforenquiry.第十四条Article14