新西兰简介全英文

2text-mainWhereisNewZealandlocated?HowisthepopulationdistributedinNewZealand?WhatdoyouneedtoknowaboutNewZealand?WhatarethegeographicalfeaturesofNewZealand?WhatarethemainreligionsinNewZealand?Whatarethemajorethnicgroupsandtheirlanguages?WhatarethetypesofclimateinNewZealand?WhataretheuniqueplantsandanimalsinNewZealand?2.1.1NationalflagofNewZealandThenationalflagofNewZealandisadefacedBlueEnsignwiththeUnionFlaginthecanton,andfourredstarswithwhiteborderstotheright.ThestarsrepresenttheconstellationofCrux,theSouthernCross.Eachstarvariesslightlyinsize.TheUnionFlaginthecantonrecallsNewZealand’scolonialtiestoBritain.Thecurrentflagwasdesignedandadoptedforrestrictedusein1869andbecamethenationalflagin1902.1.NationalflagofNewZealandNationalflagofNewZealand2.1.1“GodDefendNewZealand”isoneofthenationalanthemsofNewZealand,togetherwith“GodSavetheQueen”.Althoughtheyhaveequalstatus,“GodDefendNewZealand”istheanthemthatisincommonuseandispopularlyreferredtoasthenationalanthem.“GodDefendNewZealand”waswrittenasapoeminthe1870sbyIrish-born,Victorian-raisedimmigrantThomasBrackenofDunedin.Acompetitiontocomposemusicforthepoemwasheldin1876withaprizeoftenguineas.ThewinnerofthecompetitionwastheTasmanian-bornJohnJosephWoodsofLawrence,NewZealand,whocomposedthemelody2.NationalanthemofNewZealand2.1.1melodyinasinglesittingtheeveningafterfindingoutaboutthecompetition.In1976apetitionwaspresentedtoParliamentaskingforittobemadethenationalanthem,and,withthepermissionofQueenElizabethII,itbecamethecountry’ssecondnationalanthemonNovember21,1977,onequalstandingwith“GodSavetheQueen”.2.NationalanthemofNewZealandWhereisNewZealandlocated?NewZealandislocatedinthesouthwesternPacificOcean,midwaybetweentheEquatorandtheSouthPole.ItispartofthePacificIslands,orOceania,whichreferstoagroupingofthousandsofislandsinthePacificOcean.ItisalsoconsideredpartofPolynesia,oneofthreemajordivisionsofthePacificIslands.ItsnearestneighborisAustralia,whichisapproximately1,600kilometerswesttoit.SimilarinsizetoJapanorBritain,NewZealandoccupiesalandareaof270,500squarekilometers.Thenorthernandsouthernextremitiesofthecountryare1,600kilometersapart,butnopartofthiscountryismorethan120kilometersfromthesea.WhereisNewZealandlocated?2.2MapofNewZealandWhereisNewZealandlocated?1.NorthIsland2.2OneofthefeatureswhichmaketheNorthIslanddifferentfromtheSouthIslandisthemanyvolcanoesontheisland.Althoughonly10%ofthelandareaoftheNorthIslandisoccupiedbymountainranges,mostofthemwereformedbyvolcanicactivities,largelyduetothefactthatNewZealandislocatedwithinaregionwithactivetectonicplatemovement.AltogethertherearefourmainactivevolcanicmountainsintheNorthIsland—MountEgmont,MountRuapehu,MountNgauruhoeandMountTongariro.MountEgmontisthebestknownextinctvolcanoinNewZealandbecauseofitssymmetricalshape.MountRuapehuisthehighestmountainintheNorthIsland(2,797m),whichisstillalive.CloselyrelatedtotherepeatedvolcanicactivitiesaretherichresourcesofgeothermalpowerintheNorthIsland.Here,plentyofhotspringsandgeyserscouldbefoundasaresultoftheundergroundheat.ThelongestriverinNewZealandisthe425-kilometerWaikatointheNorthIsland.Asatypicalmountainriver,itrisesontheeastsideofMountRuapehuandpassesthroughLakeTaupo.LakesalsoaboundintheNorthIsland.Again,thereasonfortheirformationhastodowithvolcanoes.2.31.NorthIslandThelargestlakeinNewZealandisLakeTaupo.Itis40kilometerslongand27kilometerswide.Formedinthecraterofanextinctvolcano,LakeTaupoisonewithmanyhotspringsandspectacularscenery.2.31.NorthIslandLakeTaupo2.SouthIslandNewZealand’slandscapeisrenownedforitsvarietyand,inparticular,itsmountainousnature.Infact,themostimpressivemountainsinNewZealandareintheSouthIsland.TheSouthernAlpsarearangeofmountainsthatextendalmostthewholelengthoftheSouthIsland.ThewestslopesoftheAlpsareclosetothesea,sothereisonlyanarrowcoastalplain.Incontrast,therearewideflatplainsintheeastoftheAlps.Farmorerainfallsonthewestslopes,whereastheeastplainsoftenexperiencehotdryweather.TheSouthernAlpsinclude18peaksabove3,000meters.ThemostfamousonesareMountCook(3,764m),thehighestmountaininNewZealand,MountTasman(3,497m)andMountDampier(3,440m).2.3SouthIsland2.3DifferentfromthevolcanoesandhotspringsintheNorthIsland,theSouthIslandisfamousforitsmorethan360glaciers.Amongthem,the29-kilometerlongTasmanGlacieristhelargestandmostimpressive.GlacialactivityintheSouthernAlpshasresultedintheformationofmanylakes.Asmanyoftheselakesaresurroundedbyextremelyruggedmountains,theyarefamousforthegrandeuroftheiralpinesettings.LakeTeAnauisthelargestlakeintheSouthIslandandLakeWakatiputhesecondlargest.MostoftheriversoftheSouthIslandoriginateintheglaciallakesoftheSouthernAlpsandflowgenerallysoutheastwardtoemptyintothePacificOcean.TheCluthaRiver(336km)isthelargestriveroftheisland.2.SouthIsland2.3MountCook2.SouthIsland3.Coastlineandbays2.3TheNorthIslandcoastlineischaracterizedbymanybays,harbors,andinlets.ThecoastlinethereisparticularlyirregularintheregionofNorthland,a330-km-longpeninsularextensiontothenorthwestofAuckland.TheSouthIslandcoastlineismoreregularinparts,withtheexceptionsatthenorthandsouthendsoftheisl