Chapterwordformation英语词汇构词法

ChapterIVWORD-FORMATION(II)TheMinorProcessesofWord-formationAcronymyBlendingNeoclassicalFormationMiscellaneousClippingBack-formationReduplicationWordsfromProperNamesTheMinorProcessesofWord-formationAcronymy首字母拼音法A.Initialisms首字母连写词B.Acronyms首字母拼音词Itistheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicalwords.A.Initialisms首字母连写词Atypeofshortening,usingthefirstlettersofwordstoformapropername,atechnicalterm,oraphrase;pronouncedletterbyletter.e.g.:VIPveryimportantpersonBBCBritishBroadcastingCorporationThreetypesofinitialismsThelettersrepresentfullwords(maintype)“Thelettersrepresentelementsinacompoundorjustpartofaword”IDIdentification(card)e.g.:CIAtheCentralIntelligenceAgencyoftheU.S.e.g.ISBNInternationalStandardBookNumberETVeducationaltelevision(CETV??ＣＣＴＶ)②①国际标准书号（InternationalStandardBookNumber）简称ISBN，是国际通用的图书或独立的出版物（除定期出版的期刊）代码。出版社可以通过国际标准书号清晰的辨认所有非期刊书籍。一个国际标准书号只有一个或一份相应的出版物与之对应。新版本如果在原来旧版的基础上没有内容上太大的变动，在出版时也不会得到新的国际标准书号码。当平装本改为精装本出版时，原来相应的国际标准书号号码也应当收回。③Aletterrepresentsthecompleteformofthefirst(orthefirsttwo)word,whilethesecondword(orthethirdword)isinfullform.H-bombe.g.G-manV-JDayVictoryoverJapanDay抗日战争胜利纪念日Governmentman（AmE)美国联邦调查局人员Hydrogenbomb氢弹Wordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofthenameofanorganizationorascientificterm,etc.B.Acronyms首字母拼音词Pronouncedaswords.E:Canyoupickouttheacronymsinthefollowingwords?EUradarTBSSTSAMBFABRICSDifference?RarelyappearwithperiodsTheyareasoldaslanguageitself.TheybecomepopularsinceWorldWarII.Theyrapidusedinmodernscienceandtechnology,military,governmentalandvoluntaryorganizations.Space–savingandtimesavingdevicesC.RapidgrowthofacronymsandinitialismsManyarecollq.andinfml.(p.d.q.)Butsomeusedfarmorefrequently,eveninfmlwritingandspeech.Givefullformwhenfirstmentionedandtofollowitwiththerecognizedabbreviationinparenthesis.E.g.PrisonofWar(POW)人大全国人民代表大会NPCNationalPeople’sCongress政协中国人民政治协商会议CPPCCChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferenceTheinitialismsandacronymsusedinotherlanguages“东盟”东南亚国家联盟ASEAN(AssociationofSouth-eastAsiaNations)E:P90-IINPCCPCCPPCCClipping截短法Fourmaintypes:A.BackclippingsB.FrontclippingsC.FrontandbackclippingsD.PhraseclippingsTheprocessofclippingisthedeletionofoneormoresyllablesfromawordwhichisalsoavailableinitsfullform.A.Backclippings(mostcommon)Thedeletionoccuratendoftheworde.g.ad=advertisementmemo=memorandumauto=automobilegent=gentlemanB.FrontclippingsThedeletionoccuratthebeginningoftheworde.g.plane=airplanequake=earthquakephone=telephonecopter=helicopterＡ.FrontclippingsＢ.BackclippingsＣ.PhraseclippingsＤ.FrontandbackclippingsC.Frontandbackclippings(notcommon)Thedeletionoccursatbothendsofaworde.g.fridge=refrigeratortec=(sl.detective)flu=influenzajams=pajamasD.PhraseclippingsShorteningofaphrasepop=popularmusice.g.perm=permanentwavenarc/nark=narcoticsagentＡ.FrontclippingsＢ.BackclippingsＣ.PhraseclippingsＤ.FrontandbackclippingsClippingoftenaltersspellingbiz,bike,hanky,teeny,telly,veggiesgymnasiumsergeantgasolineinfluenzacomfortableExercisessarge(sl.)gym(colloq.)gas(colloq.)flu(colloq.)comfy(colloq.)Blending拼缀法Itisaprocessofword-formationinwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningthemeaningsandsoundsoftwowords,oneofwhichisnotinitsfullformorbothofwhicharenotintheirfullforms.Definition:Fourtypes:Head+tailFirstwordSecondwordBlendbeautyutilitybeautilitystagnationInflationstagflationHead+headFirstwordSecondwordBlendcommunicationsatellitecomsatinternationalpoliceinterpolpsychologicalwarfarepsywarWord+tailFirstwordSecondwordBlendairhotelairtellunarastronautlunarnautbreathanalyzerbreathalyzerHead+wordFirstwordSecondwordBlenddocumentarydramadocudramamotortownMotownparachutetroopparatroopE:onP91-IVTheresultofsuchaprocessiscalledablend,oraportmanteauword.Blendingisthusaprocessofbothcompoundingandabbreviation.E:onP91-IVBack-formationBack-formationisatermusedtorefertoatypeofword-formationbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.逆向构词法E:Pleasefigureoutthewordsthattheyarebackformed.begbeggarsculptsculptoraggressaggressionautomateautomationenthuseenthusiasmmerrymakemerry-makingmass-producemassproductionlazelazygreedgreedygloomgloomyconcordconcordanceThemajorityofback-formedwordsareverbs,forverbshaveapeculiarpropertytodeveloparoundthemanumberofdeverbalnouns,suchastheagentnounandthenounofaction.WordsfrompropernamesThecoinageofcommonwordsfrompropernames(gradually).Theycomefromallsources,like:Movies;Literature;Namesofplaces;Namesofscientists,politiciansandstatesmen;TrademarksThenamesofscientistsThenamesofpoliticiansandstatesmenE.g.Ampere—FrenchphysicistAndreAmperePasteurize–FrenchchemistandfatherofmodernbacteriologyLouisPasteurJohnHancock–AmericanrevolutionaryleaderE.g.Nicotine---JeanNicot(Frenchdiplomat)ThenamesofplacesTrademarksLiteratureandmoviesE.g.champagne—Champagne,FranceWatergate–abuildingcomplexinWashington,D.C.E.g.kodakxeroxE.g.Judas,Solomon—theBibleShylock，Julia—Shakespearechina,japan,BerlinwallSimmons文曲星GodfatherReduplication重叠构词法Itisatypeo