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I我国逆向物流的发展现状和问题研究摘要逆向物流是一种包含了产品退回、物品再利用、废弃处理、维修和再制造等流程的物流活动。逆向物流具有良好的生态效益和经济效益，是构建循环型经济的必然选择。从微观上看，逆向物流具有提高顾客价值、增强竞争优势、降低物料成本、增加企业效益、改善环境行为、塑造企业形象等显性和隐性作用；从宏观上看，逆向物流有利于社会资源的合理流动、节约资源、改善环境和经济的可持续发展等。21世纪人类要实现可持续发展一定要繁荣逆向物流，与正向物流一起形成一个完整的经济链条，才能逐步构建循环型经济，人类也才能获得真正的可持续发展。逆向物流活动的实现需要全民的参与，上至法律法规的决策者，下至产品的消费者。政府在制定法律法规时应注重引导企业加强逆向物流管理，以减少其产品带来的环境污染。消费者在消费时要注重产品的绿色化和环保化，只有消费者的支持，实施逆向物流活动的企业最终才能获得经济效益，才能促进企业加强逆向物流管理。企业在实施逆向物流活动时应加强逆向物流的正向控制，在产制环节就尽可能的减少产品的缺陷，从源头上减少逆向物流发生的可能性。同时，企业应重视逆向物流系统及其网络结构的构建，协调各部门的活动，使流程通畅，从而提高逆向物流效率。本文首先分析了逆向物流的发展背景和国内外的研究现状，进而论述了逆向物流的概念、分类、特征及其作用，重点阐述了企业实施逆向物流活动的决策过程及如何实施逆向物流管理，探讨了我国逆向物流的发展及其问题所在，并对我国企业如何加强逆向物流管理提出了建议。关键词：逆向物流，SWOT分析，决策树分析IIAnresearchintothepresentdevelopmentandproblemsofreverselogisticsinourcountryAbstractReverselogisticsisakindoflogisticsactivityconsistingofproductreturn,recycling,discarding,repairingandreproducingofcommodities.Reverselogistics,providingecologicalandeconomicbenefits,istheessentialchoiceofbuildingcirculareconomics.Fromthemicroscopicpoint,reverselogisticsplaysadominantandrecessiveroleinenhancingcustomers'value,strengtheningthecompetitiveadvantages,reducingcostsofmaterials,promotingbusinesses'benefits,improvingenvironments,andshapingimagesofbusinesses.Fromthemacroscopicpoint,reverselogisticsisgoodforthereasonableflowingofsocialresources,savingsources,improvingenvironment,thesustainabledevelopmentofeconomicsandsoon.Inthe21stcentury,humanbeingsshouldprosperthereverselogisticsandthenmakeacompleteeconomicchainwithcombinationoftheforwardlogisticsinordertorealizethesustainabledevelopment.Therealizationofreverselogisticsneedstheparticipationofallpeople,includingpolicy-makersoflawsandconsumers.Duringtheprocessofmakinglaws,thegovernmentshouldattachimportancetoguidingbusinesseshowtostrengtheningthemanagementofreverselogisticssoastodecreasetheenvironmentalpollutionsbroughtbyproducts.Whilingconsuming,consumersshouldchoosegreenproducts.Onlywiththehelpofconsumerscanthebusinessesoperatingthereverselogisticsobtaineconomicbenefitsfinally,andimprovethemanagement.Inthiscourse,businessesaresupposedtostrengthentheobversecontrolofreverselogistics,decreasedeficientproductsasmuchaspossibleintheprocessofproducingandreducethepossibilityofreverselogisticsattheverybeginning.Meanwhile,theyshouldpaymuchattentiontobuildingthesystemofreverselogisticsanditsnetworks,coordinatewithvarioussectorstomaketheprocesssmooth.Thispapermakesananalysisofthedevelopmentbackgroundandthepresentresearchofreverselogisticsathomeandabroad,elaboratesitsconcept,specialization,featuresaswellaseffectandfocusesonexplaininghowbusinessesmakedecisionsintheprocessofoperatingreverselogisticsactivitiesandhowtheymanageitindetail.Then,italsomakesadiscussionofournationaldevelopmentofreverselogisticsanditsproblemsandputsforwardsomesuggestionsofstrengtheningthemanagementofreverselogisticsinourcountry.Keywords:reverselogistics,SWOTanalysis,decisiontreeanalysisIII目录摘要...............................................................................IAbstract............................................................................II一、绪论...........................................................................5二、逆向物流的概述...................................................................7（一）逆向物流的概念及其发展的驱动因素...........................................71.逆向物流的概念.............................................................72.逆向物流发展的驱动因素.....................................................8（二）逆向物流的分类.............................................................91.按回收产品的价值高低分类...................................................92.按回收产品是否可再利用分类................................................103.按逆向物流作用不同分类....................................................10（三）逆向物流的特征............................................................111.逆向物流的复杂性..........................................................122.逆向物流的分散性..........................................................123.逆向物流的不确定性........................................................124.逆向物流的缓慢性..........................................................125.逆向物流实施的困难性......................................................13（四）逆向物流的作用............................................................131.微观方面..................................................................132.宏观方面..................................................................14三、逆向物流的实施决策.............................................................15（一）企业实施逆向物流活动的决策流程............................................15（二）SWOT分析..................................................................171.SWOT原理分析..............................................................172.逆向物流的SWOT战略选择...................................................18（三）企业实施逆向物流活动的决策树分析..........................................20四、逆向物流管理...................................................................22（一）构建逆向物流系统..........................................................221.系统功能模块..............................................................222.系统流程图及子流程图...............