美国内战的英文ppt

Backgroundtime:（1861-1865）china:Qingdynasty(咸丰十一年-----同治四年）Guessit!AbrahamLincoln(1809—1865)1809.2.12,birthday1832(23yearsold),hisstateparliamentseat，Inthesameyear(23yearsold),lost.1834(25years),againforthestate,thiswon1838(29years),thestate'sbidtobecomethespokesman--withoutsuccess1840(31yearsold)andstrivetobeelectors--lost1843(34years),toparticipateinparliamentaryelections--alsounsuccessful1846(37years),toparticipateintheCongresselectionagain--thistimeelected1860(51yearsold),waselectedU.S.historyone.April15,1865，aftercivilwar,wasshootbyJohnWilkesBooth(anactor)inthetheatre.InUSCivilWarperiod,PresidentLincolnmadebigscontributionstomaintenancecountryunification,hehelpedfoundingandleadtheRepublicanParty.LincolnrefusedtorecognizetheConfederacyandmadeithisfirstprioritytoreunitethenation.Todothathehadtooverthrowslaveryaswell,whichhedidthroughtheEmacipationProclamationandtheThirteenthAmendment.HetookpersonalchargeofReconstruction,seekingtospeedilyre-unitethenation.HewasopposedbytheRadicalRepublicanswhoadvocatedmuchharsherpolicies.RobertEdwardLee（1807--1870）-----thecommander-in-chiefofthesouthPlaceofbirth：Stratford,VirginiaPlaceofdeath：Lexington,VirginiaRank：Colonel上校(USA)General将军(CSA)Battles/Wars：Mexican-AmericanWarandAmericanCivilWarEarlyLifeandCareerbornin1807inVirginiathefifthchildofHenryLeefatherdiedwhenhewas11enteredtheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy(陆军军官学校)in1825firstyeartherankofsergeantgraduatedin1829Mexican-AmericanWar(1846-1848)ReasonsofAmericaCivilWar:ThedisputebetweenthesouthandthenorthAbrahamLincolnwaselectedaspresidentThedebateoftheabolitionofslaveryThesouthVSthenorthWithAmericanterritorialexpansion,thefriction(矛盾）ofthenorthandthesouthbecamehairtrigger(一触即发的）.Asweallknow,theeconomicsystemofthenorthwascapitalisteconomicsystem,while,thesouthwasplantationeconomysystem(种植园经济体制）,whichmeantanunavoidablewar.(essentialreason)Atthesametime,thecapitalistcalledfortheabolitionofslavery,whilethesouthobjectedtoabolishingitinthattheyrequiredmorecheaplabour.1860,AbrahamLincolnwaselectedasAmericanpresident,Lincolnrepresentedinterestofthenortherncapitalists,sothiselectionannoyedthesouth.(thedirectcauseofwar)共和党主要代表北方大资产阶级的利益，民主党主要代表南方种植园主和与之相关的企业主利益。AfterDemocraticPartyfailedinelection,thesouthbegantopreparerebellionandfoundedtheConfederateStatesofAmerica(美利坚联盟国）;theRepublicanParty(共和党）,ledbyAbrahamLincoln,hadcampaignedaganisttherebellionandfoundedUnitedStatesofAmerica(美利坚合众国）ThecomparisonofthenorthandthesouthThenorthThesouthNumberofstates:2311population2200万900(380万）economicAdvancedBackwardnatureJusticeinjusticeAnyHumanHeartSupportoppose.Atthebeginningofcivilwar,theRepublicanPartywasatdisadvantage,asarusult,takingmeasurestoexpandfactionwasatthetopofagenda.So，presidentLincolndecidedtoabolishtheslaveryandcarriedoutlawssuchasTheEmancipationProclamation(解放黑人奴隶宣言）andHomesteadlaw（宅地法）1862.←TheEmancipationProclamationabolishedslaveryinsomeStatesofAmerica.Theprocessofwar1862年9月22日，林肯的《解放黑人奴隶宣言》。宣布：假如在1863年1月1日以前南方叛乱者不放下武器，叛乱诸州的奴隶将从那一天起获得自由。消息传到南方后，成千上万的奴隶逃往北方。1862年5月颁布的《宅地法》规定：一切忠于联邦的成年人，只要交付10美元的登记费，就可以在西部领取64.74公顷土地，在土地上耕种5年后就可以成为这块土地的所有者。Thedaytheygotfreedom!BattleofGettysburg（葛底斯堡战役）,theturningpointofwar.washappenedin1863，ConfederateStatesofAmericadefeatedinthisbattle.GettysburgAddress(葛底斯堡演说）byLincolnFourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.葛底斯堡演讲是美国历史上最为人们所熟知的演讲之一。1863年11月19日下午，林肯在葛底斯堡国家烈士公墓的落成仪式上发表献词。该公墓是用以掩埋并缅怀4个半月前在葛底斯堡战役中牺牲的烈士。林肯是当天的第二位演讲者，经过废寝忘食地精心准备，该演讲语言庄严凝练，内容激昂奋进。在不足三分钟的演讲里，林肯通过引用了美国独立宣言中所倡导的人权平等，赋予了美国内战全新的内涵，内战并不仅是为了盟军而战，更是为了“自由的新生（anewbirthoffreedom）”而战，并号召人们不要让鲜血白流，要继续逝者未竞的事业。林肯的《葛底斯堡演讲》成功地征服了人们，历经多年仍被推崇为举世闻名的演说典范BattleofGettysburg'sdetails(thenorthＰＫthesouth)Leaders:RobertLeePKGeneralGrantThetotalsoliders:75000PK85000Thedeathtoll:18399VS9000Result:ConfederateStatesofAmericawasloser,UnitedStatesofAmericawon.TheresultofcivilwaronApril9,1865，theUnitedStatesofAmericawoninthewar,andthecountrywasunited.TheSignificancesoftheCivilWar(Ⅰ)Theeconomicsignificance:Itwipedoutaremnantofthefeudaltimes,whichsetbacktheeconomyofcapitalismdeveloped.Second,modernsystemofagriculturalcapitalismwassetup.Third,thenorthstruggledagainstsouthernplantationeconomy;Fourth,theHomesteadActannouncedin1862mademanypoorpeoplecouldgettheirownland.Theseactionswereverymeaningfultothepoorpeoplethen.Meanwhile,encouragedpeoplefightwiththesouth.Whatisthemostimportantisboostingthecapitalisteconomydevelopment.First,themostobviousisthewarsafeguardnationalunityandethnicsolidarity.Second,freedtheblackslavesencouragedAmerican’sdemocracy.Comparedwithbefore,theyhavemuchmorerightsandfreedom.(Ⅱ)ThepoliticalsignificanceSignificanceofthementalandcultu