燃煤电厂SCR脱硝工艺的设计

燃煤电厂SCR脱硝工艺的设计I摘要我国是能源生产与消费的大国，一次能源供应以煤炭为主，石油、天然气资源短缺。然而我国污染物排放总量长期居高不下，远远超过环境自净能力。其中，氮氧化物的污染不断加剧，特别是北京、上海、广州等一些大城市，氮氧化物含量超标。SCR工艺与其它工艺相比，具有较高的NOX脱除率（80%以上），将燃煤电厂烟气排放NOX控制在较低的浓度，以满足不断更新的更加严格的排放标准。而且该工艺无副产物，不形成二次污染，装置结构简单，运营可靠，便于维护。本设计针对电厂燃煤锅炉产生烟气的排放要求和一些工程实例，对SCR系统的工艺结构进行了设计计算，并对催化剂及辅助设备进行了选型。关键词：氮氧化物，SCR工艺，催化剂，结构设计燃煤电厂SCR脱硝工艺的设计IIAbstractOurcountryistheenergyproductionandtheexpensegreatnation,anenergysupplybythecoal,thepetroleum,andthenaturalgasresourceisprimarilyshort.Thereforeourcountrypollutantdischargetotalquantitystaysatahighlevelforalongtime,goesfarbeyondtheenvironmentautomaticdepurationability.Thenitrogenoxidepollutionintensifiesunceasingly,nitrogenoxidecontentexceedingtheallowedfigurespeciallyBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhouandothersomebigcities.TheSCRcraftcompareswithothercrafts,hasthehighNOXremovingrate(above80%),willburncoalthepowerplanthazetodischargetheNOXcontrolinthelowdensity,andsatisfiesthestricteremissionstandardwhichrenewsunceasingly.Moreoverthiscraftdoesnothavetheby-product,doesnotformsecondarypollution,theinstallmentstructureissimple,theoperationisreliable,isadvantageousforthemaintenance.Thisdesignhasthehazenatureandtheemissionsrequestinviewofthepowerplantcoal-firedboiler,hascarriedonthedesigncalculationtotheSCRsystemequipment'sstructure,andcarriesontheshapingtothecatalystandthesupportingfacility.Keywords：Nitrogenoxide,SCRprocess,catalyst,structuraldesign燃煤电厂SCR脱硝工艺的设计III目录摘要.............................................................IABSTRACT..........................................................II第一章前言.......................................................11.1综述..............................................................11.1.1选题背景.....................................................11.1.2研究意义.....................................................11.2NOX的特性、来源和危害............................................21.2.1NOx的特性....................................................21.2.2NOx的来源....................................................21.2.3NOx的危害....................................................31.2.4燃煤电站NOX的产生...........................................51.3环保政策法规......................................................51.4NOX污染的治理....................................................61.4.1我国燃煤NOx排放现状........................................61.4.2常规处理.....................................................61.4.3燃烧后控制...................................................81.5SCR脱硝工艺.....................................................111.5.1SCR基本原理.................................................111.5.2典型SCR系统组成............................................131.5.3SCR工艺流程.................................................131.5.4SCR工艺系统布置分类.........................................141.6催化剂...........................................................161.7还原剂原料.......................................................191.7.1液氨.........................................................191.7.2氨水........................................................191.7.3尿素........................................................191.8SCR反应器.......................................................201.9喷氨格栅.........................................................22燃煤电厂SCR脱硝工艺的设计IV1.10吹灰器..........................................................231.11影响SCR脱硝性能的几个关键因素..................................241.11.1催化剂.....................................................241.11.2反应温度...................................................251.11.3适当的氨气输入量及与烟气的均匀混合.........................25第二章SCR系统的设计与计算........................................262.1项目执行标准.....................................................262.2原始参数.........................................................262.3SCR反应器设计计算...............................................262.3.1SCR反应器尺寸计算...........................................272.3.2塔的设计计算................................................292.3.3催化剂的选型.................................................332.3.4喷氨系统喷射管设计...........................................332.3.5氨气/烟气静态混合器..........................................342.3.6吹灰器设计...................................................35第三章SCR辅助设备选型.............................................373.1供氨装置.........................................................373.1.1卸氨压缩机...................................................373.1.2液氨储罐.....................................................383.1.3液氨蒸发器...................................................393.1.4氨气缓冲罐...................................................403.1.5氨气稀释槽...................................................413.1.6氨/空气混合器................................................413.1.7废水泵......................................................423.2液氨提升泵的选型.................................................423.3省煤器旁路.......................................................423.4进出口烟道.......................................................43第四章经济分析与工程概算..........................................444.1经济分析与评价的意义和基本原理...................................444.1.1经济分析与评价的