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学号：12009061097班级：109061D姓名：徐建丹FRANCEARCHITECTUREMillauViaduct米约高架桥TheMillauViaductisacable-stayedroad-bridgethatspansthevalleyoftheriverTarnnearMillauinsouthernFrance.DesignedbytheBritisharchitectNormanFosterandFrenchstructuralengineerMichelVirlogeux.MillauViaductGeneralinformationOfficialnameLeViaducdeMillauCarries4lanesoftheA75autorouteCrossesValleyoftheRiverTarnLocaleMillau-Creissels,FranceArchitectNormanFosterandMichelVirlogeuxDesignCable-stayedbridgeTotallength2,460mWidth32.05mHeight343.0m(maxpylon)Longestspan342mNumberofspans204metres,6×342metres,204metresClearancebelow270mConstructionbegin16October2001Opened16December200409:00Constructioncost€300000000Coordinates44°04′46″N03°01′20″ECoordinates:44°04′46″N03°01′20″E这座横跨塔恩河的米约高架桥是一座斜拉索式的大桥,全长2.46公里，总重29万吨，大桥距地面270米，大桥斜拉索的最高点距离地面343米，高出艾菲尔铁塔23米，创下了距地面最高的世界纪录。TheviaductispartoftheA75-A71autorouteaxisfromParistoMontpellier.Itisthetallestbridgeintheworld,withonemast'ssummitat343.0metres.Itisthe12thhighestbridgeintheworld,at270metreshighbelowtheroaddeck.GreatEastern(yellowroute)GreatWestern(blackroute)NearRN9(redroute)WestofMillau(blueroute)米约大桥周四正式通车后，日通车能力可达到1．5万辆，7、8月旅游高峰期日均可通车2．5万辆，将大大减轻罗纳山谷通道的压力，使得一向影响米约地区交通的公路堵塞现象缓解甚至消失。Beforethebridgewasconstructed,traffichadtodescendintotheTarnRivervalleyandpassalongtheroutenationaleN9nearthetownofMillau,causingheavycongestionatthebeginningandendoftheJulyandAugustvacationseason.TheMillauViaductconsistsofaneight-spansteelroadwaysupportedbysevenconcretepylons.Theroadwayweighs36,000tonnes(40,000shorttons)andis2,460mlong,measuring32mwideby4.2mdeep,makingittheworld'slongestcable-stayeddeck.整座桥梁的建设用掉127,000立方米的水泥，19,000公吨用来制造钢筋混凝土的钢铁，与5,000公吨用来制作预力混凝土的钢铁。根据设计，这座桥有至少120年的寿命。米约高架桥夜景大桥前卫的设计体现了钢铁和水泥的巧妙组合，将轻盈的桥体结构和谐地糅合进了法国南阿弗翁地区的高原风情之中。NotreDameduHautThechapelofNotreDameduHautinRonchamp,completedin1954,isoneofthefinestexamplesofthearchitectureofarchitectLeCorbusierandoneofthemostimportantexamplesoftwentieh-centuryreligiousarchitecture.NotreDameduHautGeneralinformationLocationRonchamp,Haute-Saône,FranceGeographiccoordinates47°42′14″N6°37′16″EAffiliationRomanCatholicEcclesiasticalororganizationalstatusPilgrimageChapelArchitecturaldescriptionArchitectLeCorbusierArchitecturaltypeChapelCompleted1954SpecificationsMaterialsConcreteNotreDameduHautwasthoughtofasamoreextremedesignofLeCorbusier’slatestyle.Thechapelisasimpledesignwithtwoentrances,amainaltar,andthreechapelsbeneathtowers.设计将楼梯、电梯、电力通道及水管都置于建筑外部，构成了建筑独特的及富有意义的、工业化的外立面。同时又为建筑内部调整出了整洁的空间。Thestructureismademostlyofconcreteandiscomparativelysmall,enclosedbythickwalls,withtheupturnedroofsupportedoncolumnsembeddedwithinthewalls.《老子》：道之为物，惟恍惟惚。惚兮恍兮，其中有象。恍兮惚兮，其中有物。窈兮冥兮，其中有精。其精甚真，其中有信。朗香教堂就是这样一种恍惚之美。Smallpiecesofstainedglassaresetdeepwithinthewalls,whicharesometimestenfeetthick.Theglassglowslikesdeep-setrubiesandemeraldsandamethystsandjewelsofallcolors.所产生的效果允许的光带，进入大楼，从而进一步照明空间，和教会感到更加开放。装饰的小块彩色玻璃，使用典型的柯布西耶的颜色：红色，绿色和黄色。这些染色片辐射红宝石，绿宝石，紫水晶，就像复杂的珠宝一样。陌生、惊奇感、突兀感、困惑感、复杂、怪诞、奇崛、神秘、朦胧、恍惚、剪不乱、理还乱、变化多端、起伏跨度很大的艺术形象，其中也包括建筑形象，在今天更能引人驻目，令人思索，耐人寻味，予人刺激和触发人的复杂心理体验。Carréd'ArtTheCarréd'ArtisabuildingbuiltinNimesandDesignedbytheBritisharchitectNormanFoster.卡雷艺术馆Carréd'ArtGeneralinformationCountryFranceCityNîmesCoordinates43°50'17North4°21'18EastOpeningdate1993ArchitectNormanFosterWebsiteMuseumLibraryConsistingofglass,concreteandsteel,itisbuiltinoppsitetheMaisonCarree,aRomantempledatingfromthe1stcenturyBC.AD.NormanFosterwascommissionedtorestoretheplaceoftheSquareHouse.谢谢观看