燃煤电站锅炉气体再燃运行特性的研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文燃煤电站锅炉气体再燃运行特性的研究姓名：周新雅申请学位级别：硕士专业：动力工程指导教师：罗永浩;沈家民20050101AbstractCoalisthemainfuelusedinthecoal-firedpowerplantsinChina.Asweknow,avarietyofpollutants,suchasSOx,NOxandflyash,areemittedfromchimneyofthepowerplantduringcoalburning,andtheformationofnitrogenoxides(NOx)incombustionsystemsisasignificantpollutantsourceinenvironment.Inordertoprotectourlivingenvironmentandensuresustaineddevelopingofourcountry,seriousmeasuresshouldbetakentoreducethesepollutantsemissionassoonaspossible.Theoperatingcharacteristicsofgasreburningtechnologyaremainlystudiedforthecontrolofnitrogenoxidesemissionfromcoal-firedboilerinthispaper.Thispaperintroducesthemechanismsoftheformationanddestructionofthenitrogenoxidesincoal-firedboiler,theapplicationofvariouscombustiontechnologiesusedtoreduceNOxemissionsfrompracticalcombustionsystems,andemphasesonthemechanismofreburningtechnologiesforthecontrolofNOxemissionfromcoal-firedboilerofthepowerplants.Thispaperpresentsthetestingandstudyingresultsofthereburningtestsdonefirstlyinshanghaionbothcoal-firedboilerofthepowerplantandlaboratory-scalesystembyuseofpetrolicgasandnaturalgasasreburningfuels.Comparisonsofmeasuredareshownforlaboratory-scalesystemsandpetrolicgasandnaturalgasaretakenasthereburningfuels.Severalinfluentialfactorsasexcessair,heatinputofreburningfuelanddistancefromgasburnerstocoalburnersareanalyzed.Besedonthetheresultsfromthefull-scalesystemandlaboratory-scalesystem,theoperatingcharacteristicsofreburningtechnologieshavebeenunderstood,andthefinalresultsofabout60%NOxreductionbyuseofnaturalgas/perolicgasreburninghavebeenproved.Thispaperalsopresentstheadvantagesofnaturalgasreburningcomparedwithothermeasures,liketheuseofover-fireair,swirlingcombustionairstreams,andseparateover-fireair,act.,theachievementsgotfromthetestswillprovidesignificantinformationfortheapplicationofthereburningtechnologyinthefuture.Keywords:Coal-firedPowerPlantboilerreburningNOxreductionCharacteristics20041225Am2A1/sAEJ/molFCgm/s2hJ/KgIJ/m2slmLmMpPaQm3/sQJ/sQnetarMJ/KgrRSRTKtsUm/sV0Vem2/s3hkm2/s2mKg/msrKg/m3f-1-NOx-2--3-[2]-4-1-1[2]NOxNOxNOx600MWNOx450-550mg/Nm3300MWNOx550-650mg/Nm3125MWNOx600-700mg/Nm3400mg/Nm3200mg/Nm3NOx96650mg/Nm3410mg/Nm3200mg/Nm3-5-1-3mg/Nm3[4]*I1II2III3/3001501505050300200200//1500400800400400SO2****1200**/1100650450NOx********650***/*IIIIII96123**II1III2***1000t/h****NOx96III1000t/h650mg/Nm3NOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOx10%-20%NOx40%NOxNOx-6-NOxNOxNOxN2NOxNoxNOxNOx60%NOxNOx2005NOxNOx-7-NOxNONO2N2ONH3HCNNOxNO95%NO25%NOxNOxNOxNOxZeldovich[5]NOx1300NONNONO+⇒+2(21)ONOON+⇒+2(22)/1.0ZeldovichHNOOHN+⇔+(23)ZeldovichNOx24NOxN(24)NOxNOxCOCCO2OH(23)NOxNO⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧++-=---][][][1][][][][2][32212222121OHkOkNOkOkNOkkNkOdtNOd-8-21NOx[6]Fig.21FuelNOxformationmodelprovided[6]N294.5107J/mol1500NNONO+⇔+2NOx1500NOx1.2NONO151.0NONO1)NOxNOx(Zeldovich)15001500NOxNOxNOx1500ZeldovichNONOxNOx2)NOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOx3)NOxO2N2NOxNOxHCN/NH3HCNNH3NONOxNOxHCNCoalfuelNCharNVolatileNTarNNH3NON2-9-NOx80%NOxWendtNOxNOxNNNNNNNNOxNOxNOxNOx[7]2-2[1]HCNNH3HCNNH3NNOx-10-[8]][][3QNNH=(25)]/[][][][CNPNPHCNrd+∝(26)]/[][][][][CNPNPQNVolNrd++=(27)][QNQuaternaryNQ][NPdPyrrolicN5][NPrPyridinicN610%N[9]HCNNH3NNQNH3N5N6NHCNHCNNH3HCNHCNNH3[10]HCNNH3O/NO/NHCNNH3HCNNH3[35]AE(J/gmol)Λ+→+NOOHCN21.01010280300Λ+→+2NNOHCN3.001012251000Λ+→3NHHCN1.941015328500Λ+→+NOONH234.00106133900Λ+→+23NNONH1.801014113000HCNNH3NOxNOx-11-NNNON2NOON→+2)((28)ΛΛ+→+2)(NNON(29)PershingWendtNNNOxN[11]()cccySRxb+-=1132.10.2(210)cxNNOcyNcbSR(210)NNO10ms300msNOxNNOxNOxNOxCO[12]NOxFenimoreNOxNOxNOx-12-CHiN2NOxNOxNOxNOxNOxHCNCNNHN[3,5]NHCNNCH+→+2(211)NHHCNNCH+→+22(212)NCNHNCH+→+222(213)NCNNC+→+2(214)CNNC222→+(215)CHCH2(211)(212)HCNNOxNON290%NOxHCNNOxNOxNONOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOx[13]NOxNOxCOH2NOxNOxNOxNOxNOxNOxHCNNNON2NHiNNOx-13-NOxNOx2-3NOxNOx60%~80%NONONOx20%NOxNOxNOxNOxHCNN2NOxNOxNOx[14]2NHCNNOCHi→+→+Λ(216)NOxNOxCHiNOxNOxNOxHHHCNNOCH++→+3CH3CHNOHCNHCNNOxNOx-14-NOxNOxNOxNOxN2NOx2-4NOx[15]-15--16--17-2-5SketchmapoflowNOxswirlburnerwithairstagging-18-2-6SketchmapoflowNOxswirlburnerwithair/fuelstagging-19-0.85-0.95NOxCHxNNNOxN23-1NOx[1]Figure3-1DiagramofNOreduction-20-NO[5,16,17,18,19]OHNHCNNOxCHx22+•+•→+(31)OHNNHNOx222+→•+(32)NHiCHi(33)(34)CONCNNOx+→•+2(33)22CONCONOx+→+(34)2,1,0,2=+→+iNNHNOiΛ(35)2,1,0,=+→+iHCNCHNOiΛ(36)2,1,0,21=+→+-iOHNHNHOHii(37)2,1,0,21=+→+-iOHCHCHOHii(38)HCNOHCN+OHHCN+2HCNHHCN+⇔+(39)CNHNCOOHCN+→+(310)OCNNOC+→+(311)H2H2OHCNNHCNNCH+→+2(312)HHHCNNCH++→+3(313)NOHCNNH3(314)(321)312413))(())(()(fCHNOfNHNOdtNOd--=(314)-21-[]43)()(ffHCNdtHCNddecay+-=(315)ijANBml113.93E17-1.60351771127.57E15-0.917196502233.20E12-0.1343910533215.83E14-0.484124362227.73E16-0.678207303331.20E14-0.2924070844319.20E120.0-75491024.80E110.0-553610411.05E03-2.70162832121.32E16-0.695-132721511.34E14-0.6781388633611.25E15-0.6034620044711.18E17-1.60352771123.20E16-0.1343910533818.03E22-2.511778121535224)()())(()(fNHfNfNOCHdtHCNdformation++=(316)824732))(())(()(fNCHfNHNOdtNd-=(317)dtNddtHCNddtNOddtNHd)(2)()()(23---=(318)-22-∑×⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛=jlmjiNjiijijijiOHOHdtBTAf)()(exp2(319)∑=jijiff