构式 构式语法经典名著 Constructions A Construction Grammar A

构式-构式语法经典名著Constructions-AConstructionGrammarApproachtoArgumentStructure1995ConstructionsCognitiveTheoryofLanguageandCultureAserieseditedbyGillcsFauconnier.GeorgeLakoff,andEveSweetserConstructionsAConstructionGrammarApproachtoArgumentStructureAdeleE.GoldbergTheUniversityofChicagoPressChicagoandLondonAdeleE.GoldbergisassistantprofessoroflinguisticsattheUniversityorCalifornia,SanDiego.TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,LondonK1995byTheUniversityofChicagoAllrightsreserved.Published1995PrintedintheUnitedStalesofAmerica0403020100999897969554321ISBNcloth:0-226-30085-4ISBNpaper:0-226-30086-2LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataGoldberg,AdeleE.Constructions:aconstructiongrammarapproachtoargumentstructure/AdeleE.Goldberg.p.cm.―CognitivetheoryoflanguageandcultureOriginallypresentedastheauthor'sthesisPh.D.―UniversityofCalifornia,1992.Includesbibliographicalreferencesp.andindex.ISBN0-226-30085-4cloth.―ISBN0-226-30086-2pbk.I.Grammar,Comparativeandgeneral―Syntax.2.Semantics.3.Generativegrammar.1.Title.II.Series.P29I.G651995415―dc2094-20705CIP?ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetsheminimumrequirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardforInformationScicnccs―PcrmancnccofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSIZ39.48-1984.Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.ToAliContentsAcknowledgmentsixtIntroduction1.1TheConceptofConstructionsI1.2ABriefIntroductiontoConstructionGrammar61.3AnAlternativeAccount:LexicosemanticRules71.4AdvantagesoftheConstructionAccount91.5TraditionalMotivationsforLexicalRules212TheInteractionbetweenVerbsandConstructions242.1Framesemantics252.2TheNatureofVerbMeaning272.3TheNatureofConstructionalMeaning312.4TheIntegrationofVerbandConstruction432.5PossibleRelationsbetweenVerbsandConstructions592.6Conclusion663RelationsamongConstructions673.1RelevantPsychologicalPrinciplesofLanguageOrganization673.2Motivation693.3RepresentingMotivationbyInheritance723.4RelatingParticularConstmctions813.5MultipleInheritance973.6InheritancewithinConstructions983.7Conclusion994OnLinking104.1TransformationalApproachesofArgumentStructure1014.2GeneralizationsacrossConstructions1084.3Conclusion1195PartialProductivity1205.1Introduction1205.2IndirectNegativeEvidence1225.3CircumscribingVerbClasses1255.4Exceptions1295.5AccountingfortheExceptions:AUsage-basedAccount1335.6Conclusion139viiviiiContents6TheEnglishDitransitiveConstruction14I6.1Introduction1416.2TheExistenceoftheConstruction1416.3TheSemantics1426.4Conclusion1517TheEnglishCaused-MotionConstruction1527.1Introduction1527.2TheExistenceoftheConstruction1537.3TheVariousInterpretations1617.4SemanticConstraints1647.5TheLoad/SprayAlternation177.6Conclusion1798TheEnglishResultativeConstruction1808.1Introduction1808.2TheStatusofthePostverbalNP1828.3MiddleFormation1838.4OtherAccounts188.5TheExistenceofaResultativeConstruction1888.6ConstraintsontheResultativeConstruction1938.7Conclusion1989TheWayConstruction1999.1Introduction1999.2TheExistenceoftheConstruction1999.3TheSemanticsoftheWayConstruction2029.4SemanticConstraints2129.5TheLexicalComplexPredicateApproach2149.6RelationtoResultatives219.7Conclusion21710Conclusion21910.1OtherConstructionalApproaches21910.2Summary224Notes229Bibliography243Index261AcknowledgmentsThisbookgrewoutofmyPh.D.thesisGoldberg1992b,whichwascompletedattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Anenormousdebtisowedtomyadvisor,GeorgeLakoff,forhiswisdom,enthusiasm,andencourage-ment,hisever-readyexampleandcounterexample,andforsharinghistimeandhisdeepinsightswithincrediblegenerosity.I'dliketothankCharlesFillmoreforinstillinginmeadeeprespectforthecomplexitiesofthedata,andforsharinghiswisdom.Hisenduringinsightshaveprofoundlyinfluencedthisworkininnumerableways.I’malsogratefulforhisspearheadingthedevelopmentofthetheoryofConstructionGrammar,onwhichthepresentworkisbased.WorkinConstructionGrammarincludes,forexample,Fillmore,KayandO'Connor’sanalysisoftheletaloneandthemore,themerrierconstructions1988,Brugman’sanalysisofhaveconstructions1988,Kay’sworkoneven1990,the“What,meworry?”constructionofLambrecht1990.andSweet-ser’sanalysisofmodalverbs1990.ConstructionGrammarisalsodevelopedinRllmore1985b,1987.1988.1990,Fillmore&Kay1993,Filip1993,Jurafsky1992,Koenig1993,andMichaelis1993.ThepresentworkowesitsgreatestdebtstoLakoff'sin-depthstudyofthereconstructions1984andtoFillmore1987,whosuggestedthatthemeaningofanexpressionisarrivedatbythesuperimpositionofthemeaningsofopenclasswordswiththemean-ingsofgrammaticalelements.I’mgratefultoDanSlobinforhisencouragementandguidance,andforprovidingarealitycheckontheplausibilityofpsychologicalclaims.Inthefinalstagesofwritingmydissertation,IwasfortunateenoughtoworkcloselywithAnnieZaenen.1amimmenselygratefulforheradvice,hermanyleadstorelevantliterature,andforourmanyinterestingandhelpfuldiscussions,whichhavedeeplyinfluencedmywork.OthermembersoftheBerkeleyfacultycontributedincountlesswaystomyeducation.EveSweetsertirelesslyreadandofferedvaluablecommentsonmanypapers;PaulKayprovidedmuchhelpfulinput,andwasconsistentlywill-ingtolendanearandacri