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1ForewordChinaisthemostpopulousdevelopingcountryintheworld.Sincethelate1970s,China'seconomyhasdevelopedrapidlyandcontinuously.Duringtheprocess,manyenvironmentalproblemsthathavehaunteddevelopedcountriesindifferentphasesoftheir100-year-longindustrializationhaveoccurredinChinaallatthesametime.Theconflictbetweenenvironmentanddevelopmentisbecomingevermoreprominent.Relativeshortageofresources,afragileecologicalenvironmentandinsufficientenvironmentalcapacityarebecomingcriticalproblemshinderingChina'sdevelopment.TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.ItbelievesthatenvironmentalprotectionwillhaveadirectimpactontheoverallsituationofChina'smodernizationdriveanditslong-termdevelopment,andconsidersenvironmentalprotectionanundertakingthatwillnotonlybenefittheChinesepeopleoftodaybutalsotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Yearsago,theChinesegovernmentestablishedenvironmentalprotectionasabasicnationalpolicyandsustainabledevelopmentasanimportantstrategy,andhasadheredtotheroadofanewtypeofindustrialization.Whilepromotingeconomicgrowth,ithasadoptedawholearrayofmeasurestostrengthenenvironmentalprotection.Especiallyinrecentyears,theChinesegovernment,withthescientificoutlookondevelopmentastheguidingprincipleofenvironmentalprotection,hasadheredtofocusingonpreventivemeasures,comprehensivecontrolandoverallprogresswithbreakthroughsatsomekeypoints,andworkedhardtosolveconspicuousenvironmentalproblemsthreateningpeople'shealth.Atthesametime,ithascontinueditseffortsforinstitutionalinnovation,reliedonscientificandtechnologicaladvances,strengthenedthelegalsystemofenvironmentalprotection,andbroughtintofullplaytheinitiativeofpeopleofallwalksoflife.Thankstotheseefforts,althoughtheamountofresourceconsumptionandpollutantsisincreasinggreatly,thetrendtowardaggravatedenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldestructionisslowingdown;especially,environmentalpollutioncontrolinsomerivervalleyshasseensomepositiveresults,theenvironmentalqualityofsomecitiesandregionshasimproved,theamountofpollutantemissionofindustrialproductshasdeclined,andthepeople'sawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionhasenhanced.AsWorldEnvironmentDaynears,inordertoletpeopleinothercountrieshaveabetterunderstandingaboutthesituationofenvironmentalprotectioninChina,wewouldliketogiveasystematicintroductiontotheunremittingeffortsmadebyChinainenvironmentalprotectionoverthepasttenyears.I.EnvironmentalProtectionLegislationandSystemTheConstitutionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)stipulates,TheStateprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeopleliveandtheecologicalenvironment.Itpreventsandcontrolspollutionandotherpublichazards.SincethePRCwasfoundedin1949,theNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC)anditsStanding2Committeehaveformulatedninelawsonenvironmentalprotectionand15lawsontheprotectionofnaturalresources.Since1996,theStatehasformulatedorrevisedlawsonenvironmentalprotection,suchasthoseonpreventionandcontrolofwaterpollution,marineenvironmentprotection,preventionandcontrolofairpollution,preventionandcontrolofnoisepollution,preventionandcontrolofsolidwastepollution,evaluationofenvironmentalimpact,andpreventionandcontrolofradioactivepollution,aswellaslawscloselyrelatedtoenvironmentalprotection,suchasthoseonwater,cleanproduction,renewableenergy,agriculture,grasslandandanimalhusbandry.TheStateCouncilhasformulatedorrevisedover50administrativeregulations,suchastheRegulationsonEnvironmentalProtectionManagementofConstructionProjects,RulesfortheImplementationoftheLawonthePreventionandControlofWaterPollution,RegulationsontheSafetyManagementofDangerousChemicals,RegulationsontheManagementofCollectionandUseofWasteDischargeFees,MeasuresontheManagementofDangerousWasteOperationLicenses,RegulationsontheProtectionofWildPlants,andRegulationsontheSafetyManagementofAgriculturalGenetically-modifiedOrganisms.Ithaspromulgateddocumentswithsimilarpowertolawsandregulations,suchastheDecisiononImplementingtheIdeaofTakingtheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentandStrengtheningEnvironmentalProtection,OpinionsforQuickeningtheDevelopmentofaCyclicalEconomy,andCircularontheRecentWorkofEffectivelyBuildingaResource-efficientSociety.RelevantdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,localpeople'scongressesandlocalpeople'sgovernmentshave,withinthelimitoftheirpowers,formulatedandpromulgatedover660centralandlocalrulesandregulationsinordertoimplementthenationallawsandadministrativeregulationsonenvironmentalprotection.Chinahasestablishedasystemofenvironmentalprotectionstandardsatboththenationalandlocallevels.National-levelenvironmentalprotectionstandardsincludeenvironmentalqualitystandards,pollutantdischarge(control)standards,andstandardsforenvironmentalsamples.Localenvironmentalprotectionstandardsincludeenvironmentalqualityandpollutantdischargestandards.Bytheendof2005,theStatehadpromulgatedover800nationalenvironmentalprotectionstandards.ThemunicipalitiesofBeijingandShanghai,andtheprovincesofShandongandHenanhadpromulgatedover30localenvironmentalprotectionstandards.Chinahasconstantlystrengthenedchecksontheenforcementofenvironmentallegislation