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汽车专业英语高等职业技术教育研究会审定黄星黄汽驰主编田洁主审中国职业技术教育学会科研项目优秀成果Unit1IntroductiontoCarsContentsUnit2IntroductiontoAutomobileEngineUnit3LubricationandCoolingSystemUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainUnit5AutomotiveIgnitionSystemUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemContentsUnit7SuspensionSystemUnit8AutomotiveSteeringSystemUnit9SafetyAirbagandSeatbeltSystemUnit10IntroductiontoInstrumentClusterAutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsCarsoftodayhavedevelopedintomanydifferentbodystylesbefittingtheirvarieduses.Someofthesestylesarelistedbelow:Three-doorhatchbackcar,four-doorcar,five-doorhatchbackcar,two-doorhardtopandtwo-doorsofttopcars,four-doorhardtopsedan,stationwagon,pickup,vanandoff-roadsportcars.Thebeststyleforyoudependsontheusetowhichyou’llputthecar,whereyoulive,theamountofdrivingyoudo,yourfinancialresources,andyourpersonaltastes.Themostcommonfamilyautomobilesaredividedintomanystylesandareavailableinfourbasicsizes:subcompact,compact,intermediate,andfull-size.AutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsSubcompactsCarsofthissizeoftenhavethelowestoriginalcostanddeliverthebestfueleconomy.Subcompactsgenerallyprovidethebesthandlingandeasiestmaneuveringandparking.However,duetotheirshorterwheelbase(distancefromcenteroffrontwheeltocenterofrearwheel)andtheirlighterweight,subcompactsgiveasomewhatfirmerride,whichsomepeopleprefer.Subcompactshavethree,fourorfivedoorsandaredesignedtoseatfourpassengerscomfortably.Currentsubcompacthatchbacksarenomorethan4000mmlong.Inaddition,manypeoplefindthemselvescrowdedinsideasubcompact,especiallysometimesintheminusculebackseats.Despitetheirimpressivegasmileagefigures,however,subcompactoverallmaintenancecostcansometimesrunhigherthantheirlargercounterparts.Thisisduepartlytotheoftencrampedquartersinwhichenginepartsareinstalled.Repairingpartscostmore,too,particularlyfortheimportedcars.AutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesofsubcompactcars:Figure1-1Ford:Fiesta3970mm;Figure1-2Nissan:Micra3779mm;Figure1-3BYD:F03460mm;Figure1-4Chery:QQ3564mm.Figure1-1Ford:FiestaFigure1-2Nissan:MicraFigure1-3BYD:F0Figure1-4Chery:QQAutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsCompactsThesemodelsarealittlelargerthansubcompacts.Theygiveadditionalroominthefrontandrearseatsaswellasaddedcrash-protectionforpassengers.Originalcostissomewhathigherthanthatforthesubcompacts.Fueleconomyiscomparableandmaintenanceaccessiseasier.Theirsomewhatroomiernatureandbetterrideoftenmakecompactsthechoiceoftheeconomy-mindeddriver.Compactsarearound4200mmlongincaseofhatchbacksand4600mminthecaseof4-doorcars.Compactshaveroomforfiveadultsandusuallyhave4-cylinderengine.Thesearethemostpopularvehiclesinourcountry.Examplesofcompactcars:Figure1-5Ford:Focus4480mm;Figure1-6Toyota:Corolla4555mm;Figure1-7Volkswagen:Sagetta4644mm;Figure1-8Volkswagen:Golf74255mm.AutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsFigure1-5Ford:FocusFigure1-6Toyota:CorollaFigure1-7Volkswagen:SagitarFigure1-8Volkswagen:Golf7AutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsIntermediatesAlsocalledmid-sizedcars,intermediatesprovidewhatmanyconsidertobethebesttrade-offbetweeneconomyandcomfort.Parkingmaneuverabilityandfueleconomyaresuperiortothefull-sizemodels,whilemaintenanceaccess,roominessandlong-tripcomfortarebetterthanthoseofthecompactsandsubcompacts.Intermediateshaveroomforfiveadultsandalargetrunk(boot).Enginesaremorepowerfulthancompactcarsand6-cylinderenginesaremorecommonthaninsmallercars.Carsizesvaryfromregiontoregion;inEurope,largefamilycarsarerarelyover4700mmlong,whileinNorthAmericatheymaybewellover4800mm.Examplesofintermediatecars:Figure1-9Toyota:Camery4825mm;Figure1-10FAW:BesturnB904860mm;Figure1-11Volkswagen:Magotan4865mmandFigure1-12VolvoS604715mm.AutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesofintermediatecars:Figure1-9Toyota:CameryFigure1-10FAW:BesturnB90Figure1-11Volkswagen:MagotanFigure1-12Volvo:S60AutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsFull-sizesAfull-sizeistypicallyafour-doorcar.Thesecarsarethemostpowerful,witheightandtwelve-cylinderengines,so-calledgasguzzlersandhavemorefacilitiesthansmallermodels.Interiorroominessmakesthemthemostcomfortablecarsforlongtrips.They’restillreadilyavailableinthenewcarmarketplace.Full-sizecarsmaybewellover5000mmlongandaretheroomiestvehicles.Examplesoffull-sizecars:Figure1-13FAW:H75095mm;Figure1-14Volkswagen:AudiA85267mm;Figure1-15BMW7Series5223mm;Figure1-16MercedesBenzS-Class5250mm.AutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesoffull-sizecars：Figure1-13FAW:HongqiH7Figure1-14Volkswagen:AudiA8Figure1-15BMW7SeriesFigure1-16MercedesBenzS-ClassAutomobileEnglishUnit1IntroductiontoCarsNotes1.Thebeststyleforyoudependsontheusetowhichyou’llputthecar,whereyoulive,theamountofdrivingyoudo,yourfinancialresources,andyourpersonaltastes.最适合自己的款式取决于车的用途、居住地、经济实力、用车次数以及个人品味。2.Theirsomewhatroomiernatureandbetterrideoftenmakecompactsthechoiceoftheeconomy-mindeddriver.紧凑型汽车比较宽敞，行驶性能较佳，常常是具有经济头脑的驾车人员的选择。AutomobileEnglishUnit1Intro