就近原则专题讲解及练习

1就近就远原则专题就近原则就近原则也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上一致。这些词组有therebe……句型,Neither……nor……,Either……or……,or,Not……but……,Notonly……butalso……,1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.类似的还有here和This.Hereisamanandwoman2.neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.NeitheryounorIamwrong.=NeitherInoryouarewrong.3.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.NotonlytheybutalsoIamkeenonsports.主谓一致现象【找真正的主语（看是谓语动词前面的还是后面的）】有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except(but),including【就远原则：离连接词远点的那个主语来决定谓语动词】等。例如：Tracy,likemanygirls,lovesdancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。Allthestudents,includingTom,areleaving.所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。Nooneexcept(but)meknowsaboutthisnews.除了我没有人知道这个消息。a.Eachstudent_____has_____adictionary.(做主语)b.Thestudentseach_____have_____adictionary.(副词做同位语，而非主语)A.have，haveB.have，hasC.has，haveD.has，has此题应选C。a句的谓语用单数，这很显然。b句的谓语要用复数，这点考生很容易出错。其实a，b两句的意思是一样的(＝每个学生都有一本字典)，但是注意：b句真正的主语是thestudents，其后的each是主语的同位语，由于谓语是与主语保持一致(而不是与其同位语保持一致)，所以此句要选have。请看以下例句：Weeachhaveacomputer.Theyeachhavereadthebook..Theyoungpeopleeachcarryabigbag.MybrotherandIeachhaveacar.顺便说一句，若用eachof...作主语，其谓语通常是用单数Eachoftheboyswasdeeplyfrightened.Eachofthesebookswasinteresting.Eachofthestudentshashis[havetheir]ownbooks.每个学生都有自己的书。练习题：1.NotonlyhebutalsoIinvitedA.isB.areC.amD.be2.Oneorperhapsmorepages_____missing.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen3.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,____tohelpinthiswork.A.wassentB.weresentC.issendingD.aresending4.Thepolice____theblackinwinter.A.wearsB.wearC.putonD.putson5.Thenumberofstudentsthatyouhavemet____thelifeoftheteam.A.areB.isC.wereD.be6.Theworkerandwriter_____fromWuhanA.areB.isC.wereD.be