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英语国家历史•1.主要考什么:•三重一史:•有关重要历史人物，重大历史事件和重要历史文件的基本史实•2.应该怎么记•3.明年最可能考什么AmericanHistory•1.ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)•2.WarofIndependenceandFoundingoftheUnitedStates(1775-1789)•3.ExpansionofAmerica(1790s-1890s)•4.AmericanCivilWarandReconstruction(1861-1877)•5.GildedAgeandProgressiveEra(1877-1920s)•6.TheGreatDepressionandtheNewDeal(1920s-1940s)•7.AmericaninTurbulence(1950s-1970s)NativesofAmerica：Indians(since20,000ago)•1)FirstEnglishcolonywasfoundedatJamestown,Virginiain1607•CaptainSmith•斯密斯船长••2)102Puritans,toescapereligiouspersecution,sailedinashipcalledMayflowerarrivedatPlymouthin1620.TheysignedMayflowerCompact•2WarofIndependenceandFoundingoftheUnitedStates(1775-1789)•1)1774,thefirstContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphia•2)1775,thebattlesofLexingtonandConcordbrokeoutandtheWarofIndependencebegan.•3)ThesecondContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiaandtheCongressfoundedaContinentalArmyandNavyundertheCommandofGeorgeWashington.•4)1776,theDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedbyThomasJeffersonandadoptedonJuly4th,atasessionofthesecondContinentalCongress•5)1777,AmericanTroopsdefeatedtheBritishatSaratoga,aturningpointofthewar.•6)1783,theTreatyofPariswassigned,inwhichBritainrecognizedtheindependenceofAmerica•5)In1777,theArticlesofConfederationestablishedaweakfederalgovernmentthatoperateduntil1789.•6)in1788,theUnitedStatesConstitutionwasratified,andthenewrepublic'sfirstSenate,HouseofRepresentatives,andpresident—GeorgeWashington—tookofficein1789.FederalistsandAnti-FederalistsFederalists:AlexanderHamilton汉密尔顿JohnJay杰伊JamesMadison曼迪逊JohnAdams约翰-亚当斯Anti-Federalists:ThomasJefferson•AndrewJackson,第七任美国总统(1829-1837)•JacksonianDemocracy•杰克逊式民主•美国前七任总统•3.ExpansionofAmerica(1790-1890)•1)1803,boughtLouisianafromFrance•2)1818,boughtFloridafromSpain•3)1823,“MonroeDoctrine”:ItsprimaryobjectivewastofreethenewlyindependentcoloniesofLatinAmericafromEuropeaninterventionandcontrol.•4)1840s,annexedTexas,NewMexicoandCaliforniafromMexico•5)1867,boughtAlaskafromRussia•WestwardMovement（late18th–late19thcentury）美国领土扩张•4.AmericanCivilWarandReconstruction(1861-1877)•1)1862,HomesteadActandProclamationofEmancipationwerereleased•2)In1863,theUnionArmyunderthecommandofGeneralGrantdefeatedtheConfederateArmyatGettysburg,whichwastheturningpointoftheCivilWar.AbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)GettysburgAddress•Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,theliving,rathertobededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus;thatfromthesehonoreddead,wetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion;thatthisNation,underGOD,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatgovernmentofthePeoplebythePeopleandforthePeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.•AbrahamLincoln•5.GildedAgeandProgressiveEra(1877-1920s)•1)GildedAgereferstomajorgrowthinpopulationintheUnitedStatesandextravagantdisplaysofwealthandexcessofAmerica'supper-classduringthepost-CivilWarandpost-Reconstructionera,inthelate19thcentury(1877-1890).•TheProgressiveEraintheUnitedStateswasaperiodofreformwhichlastedfromthe1890stothe1920s.Respondingtothechangesbroughtaboutbyindustrialization,theProgressivesadvocatedawiderangeofeconomic,political,social,andmoralreforms.•6TheGreatDepressionandtheNewDeal•1)GreatDepression(1929-1933)•2)NewDeal:in1932,FranklinD.RooseveltwaselectedAmericanpresidentandputforwardtheNewDealtogetAmericaoutofthedepression.TheNewDealincludesBankingAct,NationalIndustrialRecoveryAct,andAgriculturalAdjustmentActandproposedtoestablishTennesseeValleyAuthority.FranklinD.Roosevelt(1933-1945)MountRushmoreNationalMemorialMountRushmoreNationalMemorial•Washington•Jefferson•ThoredoreRoosevelt•Lincoln•7.AmericaninTurbulence•1)TheCivilRightsMovements•a1956,theSupremeCourtdeclaredAlabama’ssegregationlawsunconstitutional.•b1963,MartinLutherKingdeliveredthefamousspeech“Ihaveadream”•2008.Obama’svictoryspeech•RosaParks(1913-2005)•Alabama’ssegregation•Film:ForsterGump•2)VietnamWar(1950-1973)•aThepolicyofcontainmentofcommunismledAmericatowarinVietnamwhichturnedouttobethelongestwarithadfought•b1963,PresidentJohnKennedywasassassinatedandvicepresidentLyndonJohnsonsucceededasPresident.•3)WatergateScandal•NixonresignedasaresultofthisscandalandhandedoverhispowertovicepresidentGeraldFord.BritishHistory•1.ThefoundingofEngland•2.MedievalPeriod(1066-1487)•3.TheEnglishReformationandtheEnglishRenaissance(1500-1600)•4.CivilWarandBritaininthe17thCentury•5.TheIndustrialRevolution(1780-1830)•6.VictorianAge(1837-1901)•7.Britaininthe20thCentury•1ThefoundingofEngland•1)EarlySettlers•TheCeltsbegantoarriveabout1000BCandkeptcominguntilthearrivaloftheRomans.TheyweretheancestorsoftheHighlandScots,theIrishandWesh.•2)RomanBritain(1st-–5thcentury)•Ain55BC,JuliusCaesarinvadedBritainforthefirsttimeJuliusCaesar(102BC---44BC)3).RomanEmperorHadrianbuilttheHadrianWalltodefendBritainagainstCeltsEmperorHadrian(76---138)HadrianWall•4)TheAnglo-Saxons•Inthemid-5thcentury,Jutes,SaxonsandAnglesinvadedBritain.TheyweretheancestorsofthemajorityofcurrentpopulationintheUK.•2.MedievalPeriod(1066-1487)•1)NormanConques