莫言的《frog》的背景分析,英文版

SociologycultureName:China'sMoYanWinsNobelinLiteratureTheSwedishAcademyinStockholmonThursdaynamedMoYanwinneroftheTwenty-TwelveNobelPrizeinLiterature.TheacademypraisedtheChinesewriterforwhatitcalledhis“hallucinatoryrealism.”Itnotedhisabilitytocombinefolkstories,historyandmoderneventsinhisworks.AnacademyofficialsaidMisterMosaidhewas“overjoyedandscared”whenhelearnedhehadwontheaward.HewillreceivehisNobeldiploma,amedalandmorethanonemilliondollarsataceremonyinStockholminDecember.MoYanisaleadingauthorofmodernChinesenovels.Heoftenwritesfrommemoriesofhisyouth.Healsosetsmanyofhisstoriesintheareawherehewasborn–ShandongProvinceinnortheasternChina.MisterMo’snineteeneighty-sevenbook“RedSorghum,”isanexample.ItisabouttheextremeviolenceinruraleasternChinaduringtheCommunistRevolutioninthenineteentwentiesandnineteenthirties.Thestorydescribesthecriminalcultureofthetime,Japan’soccupationandtheterribleconditionsfacedbyfarmworkers.“RedSorghum”waslatermadeintoamovie.MoYan’sothermajorworksinclude,“BigBreastsandWideHips,”“RepublicofWine”and“LifeandDeathAreWearingMeOut.”TheRoyalSwedishAcademycomparedhimtotwotwentiethcenturywriters:AmericanWilliamFaulknerandColombia’sGabrielGarciaMarquez.MoYanisfifty-seven.HisrealnameisGuanMoye.MoYanmeans“Don’tSpeak.”Thewritersaidhechosethenametoremembertostophistonguefromgettinghimintrouble.OnlyoneotherChinese-languagewriterhaswontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.GaoZingjianwashonoredintwothousand.However,hehadbeenlivinginFranceforsometime.And,ChinabannedhisbooksbecausetheywerecriticaloftheChinesegovernment.But,Chinaiscelebratingthevictoryofthisnativeson.Minutesaftertheawardwasannounced,millionsofChineseexpressedpleasureandprideforMoYanonsocialmediawebsites.“Frog”isoneofMo,snovels,writtenunderOnechildpolicyandworkforNobelinLiteratureaswell.FrogtranslatedintoChineseis“蛙”(wa).Ithasthesamepronunciationwith“娃”(wa)whichmeanskidsinChinese.AbriefintroductionofFrogHiswork“frog”aboutaruralfingersmith(接生婆)whowitnessesabortion,forcingsterilization（绝育）pointedlyreflectsthetraditionalChinesecustomofpreferringboystogirls.MoYanprofoundlyanalyzeswhyChinesefamilieslikeboysmorethangirls,thereasonisthatboycansupporthisfamilyandcarryonthefamilyline（传宗接代）.Asaresult,ifconfirmedconceiveddaughter,somefamilieswillchooseabortionorabandonbabygirl,suchkindofphenomenastillexistsinChinasomeruralareas.1.BackgroundChinaintroduceditsFamilyPlanningPolicyinordertorelievethepressureofthelargepopulationontheenvironmentandresources,aswellastoraisepeople’slivingstandards.2.DateofenactingthepolicyPublishinlate1970sbythelawTheFamilyPlanningPolicy3.DefinitionThegovernmentencourage“latemarriageandlatechildbirth”and“fewerandhealthierbirths”.Youngcouplearepermittedtohaveonlyonechild.4.AchievementCurb（控制）rapidpopulationgrowthContributestoeconomicgrowthinourcountryImprovesocialstabilityandpeople'slivingstandards5.Consequencesandproblems(1)SeximbalanceIn1982,Chinarecordedforthefirsttimeanimbalanceinthesexratioamongnewbornsinthecountry.Itbecomesworseinthoseyears,when121maleswerebornforevery100femalesin2010,Whichmeansthat10yearslater,about24millionmenwillnotbeabletofindwomentogetmarried.Malelaborerswillmoveintotheindustriesthataretraditionallydominatedbythefemaleduetooversupplyofmalelabors.(3)TheagingproblemThereisatrendthatournationalsarebecomingmoreandmoreelder,Chinamaywillgetoldbeforegettingrich.(2)ResultsofpreferringboystogirlsThetraditionalpreferenceforsonsoverdaughtershasledtotheabuseofsex-selectiveabortion,especiallyinruralareas.ViewsbetweenEastandWestonOnechildpolicyForalongtime,China’sonechildpolicyislargelytoblameinthewest.However,accordingtoChina’sofficialstatistics,fromthe1970stotheendofthe19thcentury,Chinahaslessgavebirthto3.4billionpopulation.Underthebackgroundoftheworld‘spopulationboomingandresourcesshortage,whetherthisshouldbeagreatsuccess?Expertsaid,thereasonwhyChina’spopulationpolicyisattackedisthat,duringtheprocessofimplementing,someexecutors（执行者）takesomeoppressiveways,evennow.Suchkindofdepriving（剥夺）peopleofthedecisionishardtoimagineinwesterncountries(payattentiontohumanrights).However,ifChina’spopulationgoesupjustlikethepaceofolddays,thatmustleadtofamine（饥荒）andconflictsforresources.Reasons：1.Westernvaluefocusonhumanrightsmore;2.Chinaeconomicproductivityislow；3.Thedifferencesofpopulation(morepopulationandlessnaturalresources)Therefore,Chinachosethewayoffamilyplanninginvolvedintointernationalcriticism.Withoutthefamilyplanningpolicy,Thegreatachievementineconomycouldnotbemade.QUESTIONS(1)Nowadays,doyouthinkOnechildpolicystillsuitsChina’ssituation?(2)IsthereapossibilitythatChinawillchangeitspopulationpolicy？andwhy?(3)What’syouropinionaboutabandoningbabygirl?andsex-selectiveabortion?